Simplicity is the Ultimate Sophistication — Crosstalk of Post-translational Modifications on the RNA Polymerase II
| Autor: | Seema Irani, Mukesh Kumar Venkat Ramani, Wanjie Yang, Yan Zhang |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Transcription
Genetic viruses RNA polymerase II Computational biology environment and public health Article 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine Structural Biology Transcription (biology) RNA polymerase Humans Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs Phosphorylation RNA Processing Post-Transcriptional Molecular Biology 030304 developmental biology 0303 health sciences Messenger RNA biology Eukaryotic transcription Chromatin Histone Code Heptad repeat chemistry Gene Expression Regulation biology.protein CTD RNA Polymerase II Protein Processing Post-Translational 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Protein Binding |
| Zdroj: | J Mol Biol |
| Popis: | The highly conserved C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II comprises a consensus heptad (Y(1)S(2)P(3)T(4)S(5)P(6)S(7)) repeated multiple times. Despite the simplicity of its sequence, the essential CTD domain orchestrates eukaryotic transcription and co-transcriptional processes, including transcription initiation, elongation, and termination, and mRNA processing. These distinct facets of the transcription cycle rely on specific post-translational modifications (PTM) of the CTD, in which five out of the seven residues in the heptad repeat are subject to phosphorylation. A hypothesis termed the “CTD code” has been proposed in which these PTMs and their combinations generate a sophisticated landscape for spatiotemporal recruitment of transcription regulators to Pol II. In this review, we summarize the recent experimental evidence understanding the biological role of the CTD, implicating a context-dependent theme that significantly enhances the ability of accurate transcription by RNA polymerase II. Furthermore, feedback communication between the CTD and histone modifications coordinates chromatin states with RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription, ensuring the effective and accurate conversion of information into cellular responses. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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