Phylogeography and Genetic Ancestry of Tigers (Panthera tigris)
Autor: | Charles McDougal, Warren E. Johnson, James L. Smith, Vellayan Subramaniam, John M. Goodrich, Shi Qiang Huang, Naoya Yuhki, Ullas K. Karanth, Janice S. Martenson, Melvin E. Sunquist, Joelle M. van der Walt, Gerald Brady, Stephen J. O'Brien, Ronald Tilson, Olga Uphyrkina, Shu-Jin Luo, Paolo Martelli, Wenshi Pan, Dale G. Miquelle, Howard B. Quigley, Sun Hean, Jae Heup Kim |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2004 |
Předmět: |
Conservation of Natural Resources
Time Factors Genotype QH301-705.5 Evolution Molecular Sequence Data Subspecies Genetics/Genomics/Gene Therapy South China tiger DNA Mitochondrial Models Biological General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology Malayan tiger Major Histocompatibility Complex Sumatran tiger biology.animal Animals Cluster Analysis Biology (General) Tigers Alleles Phylogeny DNA Primers Genetics Polymorphism Genetic General Immunology and Microbiology biology Geography Tiger General Neuroscience fungi Indochinese tiger Genetic Variation Cat Bayes Theorem biology.organism_classification Biological Evolution Haplotypes Evolutionary biology sense organs Panthera General Agricultural and Biological Sciences Bengal tiger Research Article Microsatellite Repeats |
Zdroj: | PLoS Biology PLoS Biology, Vol 2, Iss 12, p e442 (2004) |
ISSN: | 1545-7885 1544-9173 |
Popis: | Eight traditional subspecies of tiger (Panthera tigris), of which three recently became extinct, are commonly recognized on the basis of geographic isolation and morphological characteristics. To investigate the species' evolutionary history and to establish objective methods for subspecies recognition, voucher specimens of blood, skin, hair, and/or skin biopsies from 134 tigers with verified geographic origins or heritage across the whole distribution range were examined for three molecular markers: (1) 4.0 kb of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence; (2) allele variation in the nuclear major histocompatibility complex class II DRB gene; and (3) composite nuclear microsatellite genotypes based on 30 loci. Relatively low genetic variation with mtDNA, DRB, and microsatellite loci was found, but significant population subdivision was nonetheless apparent among five living subspecies. In addition, a distinct partition of the Indochinese subspecies P. t. corbetti into northern Indochinese and Malayan Peninsula populations was discovered. Population genetic structure would suggest recognition of six taxonomic units or subspecies: (1) Amur tiger P. t. altaica; (2) northern Indochinese tiger P. t. corbetti; (3) South China tiger P. t. amoyensis; (4) Malayan tiger P. t. jacksoni, named for the tiger conservationist Peter Jackson; (5) Sumatran tiger P. t. sumatrae; and (6) Bengal tiger P. t. tigris. The proposed South China tiger lineage is tentative due to limited sampling. The age of the most recent common ancestor for tiger mtDNA was estimated to be 72,000–108,000 y, relatively younger than some other Panthera species. A combination of population expansions, reduced gene flow, and genetic drift following the last genetic diminution, and the recent anthropogenic range contraction, have led to the distinct genetic partitions. These results provide an explicit basis for subspecies recognition and will lead to the improved management and conservation of these recently isolated but distinct geographic populations of tigers. Genetic analysis provides the basis for subspecies recognition among tigers, and will lead to improved conservation strategies for these endangered animals |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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