Vulnerabilities for Exposure to Emerging Infectious Disease at Urban Settlements in Nepal

Autor: Jonna A. K. Mazet, Ajay N. Sharma, Dibesh Karmacharya, Bishwo Shrestha, Tarka Raj Bhatta, Rima D. Shrestha, Brett R. Smith, Christine K. Johnson, Santosh Dulal, Tracey Goldstein, David J. Wolking, Manisha Bista, Rajesh Rajbhandari, Pranav Pandit, Sulochana Manandhar, Shailendra Bajracharya
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
Emerging infectious diseases
Urban Population
Health
Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Population Dynamics
Disease Vectors
Communicable Diseases
Emerging
PREDICT
0403 veterinary science
0302 clinical medicine
Zoonoses
2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment
Aetiology
Socioeconomics
Emerging
Ecology
Community engagement
Original Contribution
04 agricultural and veterinary sciences
Infectious Diseases
Urban ecology
Geography
Public Health and Health Services
Emerging infectious disease
Infection
medicine.medical_specialty
040301 veterinary sciences
030231 tropical medicine
Vulnerability
Wildlife
Wild
Animals
Wild
Rodentia
Communicable Diseases
Vaccine Related
03 medical and health sciences
Nepal
Urbanization
Human settlement
medicine
Urban
Animals
Humans
Veterinary Sciences
Developing Countries
Prevention
Shrews
Public health
Interface
Spillover
Animal ecology
Zdroj: Ecohealth
EcoHealth, vol 17, iss 3
ISSN: 1612-9210
1612-9202
DOI: 10.1007/s10393-020-01499-4
Popis: In Nepal, rapid urbanization and rural-to-urban migration especially due to internal civil conflict have catalyzed the development of temporary settlements, often along rivers on undeveloped land. This study conducted surveillance for viruses in small mammals and assessed potential risks for virus transmission to people in urban settlements along rivers in Kathmandu, Nepal. We collected samples from 411 small mammals (100 rodents and 311 shrews) at four riverside settlement sites and detected six viruses from four virus families including Thottapalayam virus; a strain of murine coronavirus; two new paramyxoviruses; and two new rhabdoviruses. Additionally, we conducted surveys of 264 residents to characterize animal–human contact. Forty-eight percent of individuals reported contact with wildlife, primarily with rodents and shrews (91%). Our findings confirm that rodents and shrews should be considered a health threat for residents of temporary settlements, and that assessment of disease transmission risk coupled with targeted surveillance for emerging pathogens could lead to improved disease control and health security for urban populations. Additionally, interventions focused on disease prevention should consider the unique urban ecology and social dynamics in temporary settlements, along with the importance of community engagement for identifying solutions that address specific multi-dimensional challenges that life on the urban river margins presents. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10393-020-01499-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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