The impact of peer pressure on cigarette smoking among high school and university students in Ethiopia: A systemic review and meta-analysis

Autor: Getachew Mullu Kassa, Animut Alebel, Cheru Tesema Leshargie, Atsede Alle Ewunetie, Fasil Wagnew, Amit Arora, Pammla Petrucka, Daniel Bekele Ketema, Moges Agazhe Assemie, Henok Mulugeta, Getiye Dejenu Kibret, Molla Yigzaw Birhanu, Patricia Malloy, Alehegn Aderaw
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2019
Předmět:
Male
Social Sciences
Publication Ethics
Cochrane Library
Amhara People
Geographical Locations
Habits
Database and Informatics Methods
Mathematical and Statistical Techniques
0302 clinical medicine
Sociology
Smoking Habits
Odds Ratio
Prevalence
Psychology
Ethnicities
Medicine
Peer Influence
030212 general & internal medicine
Database Searching
Research Integrity
Schools
Multidisciplinary
Statistics
Metaanalysis
Research Assessment
Checklist
Systematic review
Meta-analysis
Physical Sciences
Female
Research Article
Adult
Systematic Reviews
Adolescent
Universities
Science Policy
Science
education
MEDLINE
Research and Analysis Methods
Education
Cigarette Smoking
03 medical and health sciences
Environmental health
Humans
Statistical Methods
Peer pressure
Students
Behavior
business.industry
Biology and Life Sciences
Odds ratio
Confidence interval
People and Places
Africa
Population Groupings
Ethiopia
business
Mathematics
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Zdroj: PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 10, p e0222572 (2019)
PLoS ONE
ISSN: 1932-6203
Popis: BackgroundCigarettes and their by-products (i.e., smoke; ash) are a complex, dynamic, and reactive mixture of around 5,000 chemicals. Cigarette smoking potentially harms nearly every organ of the human body, causes innumerable diseases, and impacts the health of smokers and those interacting with the smokers. Smoking brings greater health problems in the long-term like increased risk of stroke and brain damage. For students, peer pressure is one of the key factors contributing to cigarette smoking. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the impact of peer pressure on cigarette smoking among high school and university students in Ethiopia.MethodsAn extensive search of key databases including Cochrane Library, PubMed, Google Scholar, Hinari, Embase and Science Direct was conducted to identify and access articles published on the prevalence of cigarette smoking by high school and university students in Ethiopia. The search period for articles was conducted from 21st September, 2018 to 25th December 25, 2018. All necessary data were extracted using a standardized data extraction checklist. Quality and risk of bias of studies were assessed using standardized tools. Heterogeneity between the included studies was assessed using Cochrane Q-test statistic and I2 test. To estimate the pooled prevalence of cigarette smoking, a random effects model was fitted. The impact of peer pressure on cigarette smoking was determined and was reported in Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Meta-analysis was conducted using Stata software.ResultsFrom 175 searched articles, 19 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in this study. The pooled prevalence of cigarette smoking among Ethiopian high school and university students was 15.9% (95% CI: 12.21, 19.63). Slightly higher prevalence of cigarette smoking was noted among university students [17.35% (95% CI: 13.21, 21.49)] as compared to high school students [12.77% (95% CI: 6.72%, 18.82%)]. The current aggregated meta-analysis revealed that peer pressure had a significant influence on cigarette smoking (OR: 2.68 (95% CI: 2.37, 3.03).ConclusionMore than one sixth of the high school and university students in Ethiopia smoke cigarette. Students who had peer pressure from their friends were more likely to smoke cigarette. Therefore, school-based intervention programs are needed to reduce the high prevalence of cigarette smoking among students in Ethiopia.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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