White coat effect and white coat hypertension in community pharmacy practice
| Autor: | Rudolf Bruppacher, Benedict Martina, Andrea Botomino, Dominique Ruf, Kurt E. Hersberger |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2005 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male medicine.medical_specialty Office Visits Office visits MEDLINE White coat hypertension Community Pharmacy Services Assessment and Diagnosis Internal Medicine medicine Humans Hypertension diagnosis Aged Aged 80 and over Observer Variation Advanced and Specialized Nursing Community pharmacies business.industry Blood Pressure Determination General Medicine Middle Aged medicine.disease Blood pressure Community pharmacy Family medicine Hypertension Physical therapy Female Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine White coat effect business |
| Zdroj: | Blood Pressure Monitoring. 10:13-18 |
| ISSN: | 1359-5237 |
| DOI: | 10.1097/00126097-200502000-00004 |
| Popis: | The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a white coat effect (WCE) can be observed and quantified in community pharmacy practice.In five community pharmacies of Basel, Switzerland, clients asking for blood pressure (BP) measurement were recruited to participate in a free of charge study. Blood pressure was measured in four different settings: pharmacy (using mercury sphygmomanometers), outpatient clinic (measurement by a nurse using mercury sphygmomanometers), self-measurement at home (using automated wrist devices) and daytime ambulatory BP (ABP) monitoring (using SpaceLabs 90207 monitors). WCE was defined as the difference between pharmacy or outpatient and daytime ABP.A total of 50 subjects completed all measurements (42% male, mean age 53.7 years+/-14.0). Blood pressure values of the different settings: (means in mmHg+/-SD, systolic; diastolic): pharmacy BP 129+/-19; 82+/-10, outpatient clinic BP 127+/-15; 82+/-10, home BP 119+/-15; 73+/-9, daytime ABP 124+/-10; 79+/-8. Pharmacy BP was significantly higher (P=0.03 systolic; P=0.02 diastolic) compared with daytime ABP and differences among subjects with antihypertensive medication (n=22) were even more significant (P0.01). Individual differences were found between pharmacy BP and daytime ABP: +4.6+/-14.8; +2.9+/-8.3. Outpatient BP was significantly higher compared with daytime ABP in diastolic (P=0.04) but not in systolic values. Individual differences between outpatient BP and daytime ABP were +2.5+/-13.1; +2.8+/-9.2. 'Clinically important WCE' (or=20 mmHg systolic oror=10 mmHg diastolic) was observed in 24% of all subjects in the pharmacy and in 20% in the outpatient clinic.Our findings show that WCE and white coat hypertension exist in community pharmacy practice and are similar to the effects in an outpatient clinic. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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