Convergent Phenotypic Evolution of Rhodopsin for Dim-Light Sensing across Deep-Diving Vertebrates
| Autor: | Yimeng Cui, Joshua H T Potter, Stephen J. Rossiter, Xiaolan Chen, Joseph Williamson, Aishan Wang, Yang Liu, Yu Xia, Fangnan Liu, Hai Chi |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Rhodopsin
Opsin genetic structures scotopic vision Biology AcademicSubjects/SCI01180 Retina chemistry.chemical_compound Deep diving biology.animal Genetics Animals Scotopic vision Molecular Biology Discoveries Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics retinal release rate Mammals AcademicSubjects/SCI01130 functional convergence Vertebrate Retinal Darkness visual pigment chemistry Evolutionary biology Vertebrates biology.protein amniotes sense organs Adaptation |
| Zdroj: | Molecular Biology and Evolution |
| ISSN: | 1537-1719 |
| DOI: | 10.1093/molbev/msab262 |
| Popis: | Rhodopsin comprises an opsin attached to a retinal chromophore and is the only visual pigment conferring dim-light vision in vertebrates. On activation by photons, the retinal group becomes detached from the opsin, which is then inactive until it is recharged. Of all vertebrate species, those that dive face unique visual challenges, experiencing rapid decreases in light level and hunting in near darkness. Here, we combine sequence analyses with functional assays to show that the rhodopsin pigments of four divergent lineages of deep-diving vertebrates have undergone convergent increases in their retinal release rate. We compare gene sequences and detect parallel amino acids between penguins and diving mammals and perform mutagenesis to show that a single critical residue fully explains the observed increases in retinal release rate in both the emperor penguin and beaked whale. At the same time, we find that other shared sites have no significant effect on retinal release, implying that convergence does not always signify adaptive significance. We propose that accelerated retinal release confers rapid rhodopsin recharging, enabling the visual systems of diving species to adjust quickly to changing light levels as they descend through the water column. This contrasts with nocturnal species, where adaptation to darkness has been attributed to slower retinal release rates. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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