Zoonotic Influenza and Human Health-Part 2: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Strategies
| Autor: | Jonathan B. Gubbay, Arnaud G L'Huillier, J Wong, Khanjan Mehta, Lee W. Goneau |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
medicine.medical_specialty Avian influenza Disease Favipiravir medicine.disease_cause 03 medical and health sciences Human health 0302 clinical medicine Pandemic Case fatality rate medicine 030212 general & internal medicine Intensive care medicine business.industry Zoonotic influenza virus diseases Swine influenza Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Tropical Travel and Emerging Infections (L Chen and A Boggild Section Editors) 030104 developmental biology Infectious Diseases Diagnosis treatment Peramivir business medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Current Infectious Disease Reports |
| ISSN: | 1523-3847 |
| Popis: | Purpose of Review Zoonotic influenza viruses are those influenza viruses that cross the animal-human barrier and can cause disease in humans, manifesting from minor respiratory illnesses to multiorgan dysfunction. The increasing incidence of infections caused by these viruses worldwide has necessitated focused attention to improve both diagnostic as well as treatment modalities. In this second part of a two-part review, we discuss the clinical features, diagnostic modalities, and treatment of zoonotic influenza, and provide an overview of prevention strategies. Recent Findings Illnesses caused by novel reassortant avian influenza viruses continue to be detected and described; most recently, a human case of avian influenza A(H7N4) has been described from China. We continue to witness increasing rates of A(H7N9) infections, with the latest (fifth) wave, from late 2016 to 2017, being the largest to date. The case fatality rate for A(H7N9) and A(H5N1) infections among humans is much higher than that of seasonal influenza infections. Since the emergence of the A(H1N1) 2009 pandemic, and subsequently A(H7N9), testing and surveillance for novel influenzas have become more effective. Various newer treatment options, including peramivir, favipiravir (T-705), and DAS181, and human or murine monoclonal antibodies have been evaluated in vitro and in animal models. Summary Armed with robust diagnostic modalities, antiviral medications, vaccines, and advanced surveillance systems, we are today better prepared to face a new influenza pandemic and to limit the burden of zoonotic influenza than ever before. Sustained efforts and robust research are necessary to efficiently deal with the highly mutagenic zoonotic influenza viruses. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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