Lessons From 20 Years of Studies of Wheat Genotypes in Multiple Environments and Under Contrasting Production Systems
| Autor: | Lilia Levy Häner, Didier Pellet, Fabio Mascher, Cécile Brabant, Dario Fossati, Jürg Hiltbrunner, Juan Manuel Herrera, Raphaël Charles |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Mixed model Germplasm crop management Plant Science Biology lcsh:Plant culture 01 natural sciences Yield (wine) Genotype plant breeding lcsh:SB1-1110 Plant breeding protein yield Original Research 2. Zero hunger grain yield Breeding genetics and propagation 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences cropping systems 15. Life on land germplasm Fungicide variety Agronomy 040103 agronomy & agriculture Organic farming 0401 agriculture forestry and fisheries Grain yield Cereals pulses and oilseeds 010606 plant biology & botany |
| Zdroj: | Frontiers in Plant Science Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol 10 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 1664-462X |
| Popis: | Identifying opportunities and limitations for closing yield gaps is essential for setting right the efforts dedicated to improve germplasm and agronomic practices. This study analyses genotypes × environments interaction (G × E), genetic progress, and grain yield stability under contrasting production systems. For this, we analyzed datasets obtained from three Swiss trial-networks of winter wheat that were designed to evaluate genotypes under organic farming conditions, conventional management with low-inputs (150 kg nitrogen (N) ha-1 with no fungicide application) and conventional management with high-inputs (170 kg N ha-1 with fungicide application). The datasets covered the periods from 1998 to 2018 for organic and conventional management with low-inputs and from 2008 to 2018 for conventional management with high-inputs. The trial-networks evaluated each year an average of 36 winter wheat genotypes that included released varieties, advanced breeding lines, and lines for registration and post-registration in Switzerland. We investigated within each trial-network the influence of years, genotypes, environments and their interactions on the total variance in grain yield and grain N concentration using variance components analyses. We further applied mixed models with regression features to dissect genetic components due to breeding efforts from non-genetic components. The genotype as a single factor or as a factor interacting with the environment or the year (G × E, G × year, and G × E × year) explained 13% (organic), 20% (conventional low-inputs), and 24% (conventional high-inputs) of the variance in grain yield, while the corresponding values for grain N concentration were 29%, 25%, and 32%. Grain yield has stagnated since 1990 for conventional systems while the trend under organic management was slightly negative. The dissection of a genetic component from the grain yield trends under conventional management showed that genetic improvements contributed with 0.58 and 0.68 t ha-1 y-1 with low- and high- inputs, respectively. In contrast, a significant genetic source in the grain yield trend under organic management was not detected. Therefore, breeding efforts have been less effective on the wheat productivity for organic farming conditions than for conventional ones. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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