Elephant Management in North American Zoos: Environmental Enrichment, Feeding, Exercise, and Training
| Autor: | Lance J. Miller, Anne M. Baker, Brian J. Greco, Jeff Andrews, David J. Shepherdson, Kathy Carlstead, Cheryl L. Meehan, Joy A. Mench, Kari A. Morfeld |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Physiology Elephants Walking Surveys Social Environment 0403 veterinary science Elephas Medicine and Health Sciences Public and Occupational Health Biomechanics Animal Husbandry Animal Management media_common Mammals Multidisciplinary Animal Behavior Ecology biology Pets and Companion Animals 05 social sciences Agriculture 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences Animal husbandry Housing Animal Sports Science Shannon Index Geography Research Design Scale (social sciences) Vertebrates Medicine Female Research Article Ecological Metrics 040301 veterinary sciences Animal Types Science media_common.quotation_subject Environment Animal Welfare Research and Analysis Methods Physical Conditioning Animal Animal welfare Animals 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology Sports and Exercise Medicine Exercise Behavior Survey Research Descriptive statistics Biological Locomotion Ecology and Environmental Sciences Organisms Biology and Life Sciences Social environment Species Diversity Feeding Behavior Physical Activity biology.organism_classification Physical Fitness North America Amniotes Survey data collection Animals Zoo Zoology Welfare Demography |
| Zdroj: | PLoS ONE, Vol 11, Iss 7, p e0152490 (2016) PLoS ONE |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
| DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pone.0152490 |
| Popis: | The management of African (Loxodonta africana) and Asian (Elephas maximus) elephants in zoos involves a range of practices including feeding, exercise, training, and environmental enrichment. These practices are necessary to meet the elephants’ nutritional, healthcare, and husbandry needs. However, these practices are not standardized, resulting in likely variation among zoos as well as differences in the way they are applied to individual elephants within a zoo. To characterize elephant management in North America, we collected survey data from zoos accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums, developed 26 variables, generated population level descriptive statistics, and analyzed them to identify differences attributable to sex and species. Sixty-seven zoos submitted surveys describing the management of 224 elephants and the training experiences of 227 elephants. Asian elephants spent more time managed (defined as interacting directly with staff) than Africans (mean time managed: Asians = 56.9%; Africans = 48.6%; p |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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