Complex Infrastructure-vehicle-Consumer Considerations for Enabling Increased Consumption of Fuel Ethanol
| Autor: | David Zilberman, Bret Strogen |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
Consumption (economics)
Engineering Waste management business.industry Cost-effectiveness analysis Renewable Fuel Standard Environmental economics Energy policy Alternative fuel vehicle Alternative fuel vehicles Energy efficiency Energy(all) Biofuel Transportation infrastructure Biofuels E85 Life cycle assessment (LCA) Gasoline business Efficient energy use |
| Zdroj: | Energy Procedia. 61:2771-2777 |
| ISSN: | 1876-6102 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.12.305 |
| Popis: | Despite the rapid growth of the U.S. biofuels industry over the last two decades, the United States is struggling to meet Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) targets. In addition to the challenge of producing biofuels at cost that is competitive with petroleum gasoline, an additional expense for ethanol emanates from enabling its consumption as the US fuel market encounters the E10 ‘blend wall’—the maximum blend acceptable for use in existing gasoline infrastructure and vehicles. Without 1) rapid technological innovation in drop-in biofuel production, 2) increased tolerance of ethanol blends in existing infrastructure and vehicle standards, or 3) revision of the RFS2 to become production-focused instead of consumption-focused, options for increasing the average blend beyond E10 must come from a) increased consumption of mid- to high- level ethanol-gasoline blends such as E30 or E85, and/or b) increased E15 consumption among operators of vehicles manufactured in 2001 or later. We highlight research, deployment, and policy considerations to improve national and global alternative fuel system energy and GHG efficiency, and evaluate economic and emissions trade-offs associated with technically feasible strategies to increase ethanol consumption. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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