Household Contact Screening and Yield of Tuberculosis Cases-A Clinic Based Study in Chennai, South India
| Autor: | Soumya Swaminathan, M. S. Jawahar, Dina Nair, Jaya Prasad Tripathy, Basilea Watson, Banurekha Velayutham, Nandita Rajshekhar, Joel Shyam Klinton |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Bacterial Diseases Physiology lcsh:Medicine Geographical Locations 0302 clinical medicine Medicine and Health Sciences 030212 general & internal medicine lcsh:Science Index case Family Characteristics education.field_of_study Public health Multidisciplinary Incidence Incidence (epidemiology) Tuberculosis--Prevention Body Fluids Communicable diseases--Transmission Infectious Diseases Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Management Female Anatomy medicine.symptom Research Article Adult medicine.medical_specialty Asia Drug Research and Development Tuberculosis 030231 tropical medicine Population India Research and Analysis Methods Tuberculosis--Diagnosis 03 medical and health sciences Tuberculosis diagnosis Diagnostic Medicine Internal medicine medicine Humans Clinical Trials education Demography Pharmacology Health Care Policy business.industry lcsh:R Sputum Biology and Life Sciences Tropical Diseases medicine.disease Surgery Health Care Mucus Age Groups Communicable disease transmission People and Places Population Groupings lcsh:Q Contact Tracing Clinical Medicine business Screening Guidelines Contact tracing |
| Zdroj: | PLoS ONE, Vol 11, Iss 9, p e0162090 (2016) PLoS ONE |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
| Popis: | Background Contact investigation is an active case finding strategy to increase detection of Tuberculosis (TB) and a key component of TB control programs. The household contacts are at a higher risk of exposure than members of the general population. The information on the value and yield of household contact screening and the approaches used in high incidence settings like India is limited. Objective To evaluate the yield of active case finding in household contacts of newly diagnosed smear positive TB patients and the factors associated with increased yield. Method Retrospective record review of the household contacts of newly diagnosed sputum smear positive patients (index case) enrolled in a clinical trial at National Institute of Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai during the period 2007–2014. A sequential screening algorithm with chest x-ray followed by symptom screen was employed to identify presumptive TB patients. Results 643 household contacts of 280 index TB patients were identified out of which 544 (85%) consented for screening. 71/544 (13%) patients had an abnormal chest radiograph and out of them 70% were symptomatic. A total of 29/544 (5.3%) contacts were found to have TB among whom 23/29 (79%) were sputum smear positive. The number needed to screen (NNS) to identify a new TB case among all household contacts was 19 and among those with an abnormal CXR was 02. Age group > 44 years, male gender and siblings of the index case was associated with abnormal chest radiograph whereas age group between 15–44 was significantly associated with developing TB disease among household contacts. Conclusion Active screening among household contacts is an effective way to improve TB case detection. The yield for new TB cases among contacts with abnormal x-ray was high in this study and the use of Chest X-rays in combination with symptom screen is recommended. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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