Model-based reproduction and validation of the total spectra of a solar flare and their impact on the global environment at the X9.3 event of September 6, 2017
| Autor: | Tomoko Kawate, Shinsuke Imada, Shohei Nishimoto, Takuya Tsugawa, Yuichi Otsuka, Atsuki Shinbori, Toshiki Kawai, Michi Nishioka, Kyoko Watanabe, Hidekatsu Jin |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Space weather
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena TEC Astrophysics Physics::Geophysics law.invention law Geography. Anthropology. Recreation Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics QB275-343 QE1-996.5 Sudden ionospheric disturbance Solar flare Total electron content Geology Dellinger effect Solar flares Space and Planetary Science Extreme ultraviolet Physics::Space Physics Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Ionosphere Geodesy Flare |
| Zdroj: | Earth, Planets and Space, Vol 73, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 1880-5981 |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s40623-021-01376-6 |
| Popis: | We attempted to reproduce the total electron content (TEC) variation in the Earth's atmosphere from the temporal variation of the solar flare spectrum of the X9.3 flare on September 6, 2017. The flare spectrum from the Flare Irradiance Spectral Model (FISM), and the flare spectrum from the 1D hydrodynamic model, which considers the physics of plasma in the flare loop, are used in the GAIA model, which is a simulation model of the Earth's whole atmosphere and ionosphere, to calculate the TEC difference. We then compared these results with the observed TEC. When we used the FISM flare spectrum, the difference in TEC from the background was in a good agreement with the observation. However, when the flare spectrum of the 1D-hydrodynamic model was used, the result varied depending on the presence or absence of the background. This difference depending on the models is considered to represent which extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation is primarily responsible for increasing TEC. From the flare spectrum obtained from these models and the calculation result of TEC fluctuation using GAIA, it is considered that the enhancement in EUV emission by approximately 15–35 nm mainly contributes in increasing TEC rather than that of X-ray emission, which is thought to be mainly responsible for sudden ionospheric disturbance. In addition, from the altitude/wavelength distribution of the ionization rate of Earth's atmosphere by GAIA (Ground-to-topside Atmosphere and Ionosphere model for Aeronomy), it was found that EUV radiation of approximately 15–35 nm affects a wide altitude range of 120–300 km, and TEC enhancement is mainly caused by the ionization of nitrogen molecules. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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