Dose and time dependency of inflammatory responses in the mouse lung to urban air coarse, fine, and ultrafine particles from six European cities
| Autor: | Klea Katsouyanni, Bert Brunekreef, Veli-Matti Kosma, Maija-Riitta Hirvonen, Risto Hillamo, Markus Sillanpää, R. O. Salonen, Jordi Sunyer, Arto Pennanen, Arja I. Hälinen, Miko Happo, Pasi Jalava |
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| Rok vydání: | 2007 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Chemokine Time Factors Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis medicine.medical_treatment Cell Count Toxicology complex mixtures Andrology chemistry.chemical_compound Mice Lactate dehydrogenase Ultrafine particle medicine Animals Particle Size Lung Air Pollutants medicine.diagnostic_test biology Dose-Response Relationship Drug Proteins Cell Differentiation respiratory tract diseases Mice Inbred C57BL Dose–response relationship Bronchoalveolar lavage Cytokine chemistry Toxicity Immunology biology.protein Cytokines Tumor necrosis factor alpha Particulate Matter |
| Zdroj: | Inhalation toxicology. 19(3) |
| ISSN: | 1091-7691 |
| Popis: | We investigated the dose and time dependency of inflammatory and cytotoxic responses to size-segregated urban air particulate samples in the mouse lung. Coarse (PM10-2.5), fine (PM2.5-0.2), and ultrafine (PM0.2) particles were collected in six European cities (Duisburg, Prague, Amsterdam, Helsinki, Barcelona, Athens) in selected seasons using a modified Harvard high-volume cascade impactor. Healthy C57Bl/6J mice were intratracheally exposed to the particulate samples in a 24-h dose-response study (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) and in 4-, 12-, and 24-h time course studies (10 mg/kg). After the exposures, the lungs were lavaged and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was assayed for indicators of inflammation and tissue damage: total cell number, cell differential, total protein, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cytokine (tumor necrosis alpha [TNF-alpha], interleukin-6 [IL-6], and keratinocyte-derived chemokine [KC]) concentrations. In general, PM10-2.5 samples had higher inflammatory activity than PM2.5-0.2 samples. PM0.2 samples showed negligible inflammatory activity. PM10-2.5 and PM2.5-0.2 samples caused large increases in BALF cytokine concentrations at 4 h, but not at 12 or 24 h, after exposure. The BALF total cell number and total protein concentrations increased significantly at 12 h for both the PM10-2.5 and PM2.5-0.2 samples, but only PM10-2.5 samples produced consistent, significant increases at 24 h after exposure. There was more heterogeneity in BALF cytokine and neutrophil cell number responses to PM2.5-0.2 samples than to PM10-2.5 samples between the sampling campaigns. Thus, particle size, sources, and atmospheric transformation processes affect the inflammatory activity and response duration of urban air particulate matter in the mouse lung. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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