Retinoid X receptor α downregulation is required for tail and caudal spinal cord regeneration in the adult newt
| Autor: | Robert L. Carlone, Gaynor E. Spencer, Christopher J. Carter, Lucas A. Maddalena, Sarah E. Walker, Rachel E. Nottrodt |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
medicine.drug_class Central nervous system Retinoic acid spinal cord regeneration retinoic acid receptor Biology Retinoid X receptor lcsh:RC346-429 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Developmental Neuroscience Downregulation and upregulation medicine retinoid X receptor retinoic acid newt Retinoid Spinal Cord Regeneration lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system Regeneration (biology) ependymoglia Cell biology Retinoic acid receptor 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure chemistry Research Article |
| Zdroj: | Neural Regeneration Research, Vol 13, Iss 6, Pp 1036-1045 (2018) Neural Regeneration Research |
| ISSN: | 1673-5374 |
| Popis: | Some adult vertebrate species, such as newts, axolotls and zebrafish, have the ability to regenerate their central nervous system (CNS). However, the factors that establish a permissive CNS environment for correct morphological and functional regeneration in these species are not well understood. Recent evidence supports a role for retinoid signaling in the intrinsic ability of neurons, in these regeneration-competent species, to regrow after CNS injury. Previously, we demonstrated that a specific retinoic acid receptor (RAR) subtype, RARβ, mediates the effects of endogenous retinoic acid (RA) on neuronal growth and guidance in the adult newt CNS after injury. Here, we now examine the expression of the retinoid X receptor RXRα (a potential heterodimeric transcriptional regulator with RARβ), in newt tail and spinal cord regeneration. We show that at 21 days post-amputation (dpa), RXRα is expressed at temporally distinct periods and in non-overlapping spatial domains compared to RARβ. Whereas RARβ protein levels increase, RXRα proteins level decrease by 21 dpa. A selective agonist for RXR, SR11237, prevents both this downregulation of RXRα and upregulation of RARβ and inhibits tail and caudal spinal cord regeneration. Moreover, treatment with a selective antagonist for RARβ, LE135, inhibits regeneration with the same morphological consequences as treatment with SR11237. Interestingly, LE135 treatment also inhibits the normal downregulation of RXRα in tail and spinal cord tissues at 21 dpa. These results reveal a previously unidentified, indirect regulatory feedback loop between these two receptor subtypes in regulating the regeneration of tail and spinal cord tissues in this regeneration-competent newt. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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