Sulfur metabolites that facilitate oceanic phytoplankton–bacteria carbon flux
| Autor: | Mary Ann Moran, Brent Nowinski, Alexey Vorobev, Shalabh Sharma, Kaitlin Esson, Bryndan P. Durham, Torben Nielsen, Ronald P. Kiene, Marine Landa, Andrew S. Burns |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Oceans and Seas
Heterotroph Microbial metabolism Sulfur metabolism chemistry.chemical_element Biology Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Microbiology Article Carbon Cycle 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Marine bacteriophage Gammaproteobacteria Seawater Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Alphaproteobacteria 030304 developmental biology Diatoms 0303 health sciences Bacteria 030306 microbiology Heterotrophic Processes biology.organism_classification Sulfur Carbon chemistry Environmental chemistry Phytoplankton |
| Zdroj: | ISME J |
| ISSN: | 1751-7370 1751-7362 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41396-019-0455-3 |
| Popis: | Unlike biologically available nitrogen and phosphorus, which are often at limiting concentrations in surface seawater, sulfur in the form of sulfate is plentiful and not considered to constrain marine microbial activity. Nonetheless, in a model system in which a marine bacterium obtains all of its carbon from co-cultured phytoplankton, bacterial gene expression suggests that at least seven dissolved organic sulfur (DOS) metabolites support bacterial heterotrophy. These labile exometabolites of marine dinoflagellates and diatoms include taurine, N-acetyltaurine, isethionate, choline-O-sulfate, cysteate, 2,3-dihydroxypropane-1-sulfonate (DHPS), and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP). Leveraging from the compounds identified in this model system, we assessed the role of sulfur metabolites in the ocean carbon cycle by mining the Tara Oceans dataset for diagnostic genes. In the 1.4 million bacterial genome equivalents surveyed, estimates of the frequency of genomes harboring the capability for DOS metabolite utilization ranged broadly, from only 1 out of every 190 genomes (for the C2 sulfonate isethionate) to 1 out of every 5 (for the sulfonium compound DMSP). Bacteria able to participate in DOS transformations are dominated by Alphaproteobacteria in the surface ocean, but by SAR324, Acidimicrobiia, and Gammaproteobacteria at mesopelagic depths, where the capability for utilization occurs in higher frequency than in surface bacteria for more than half the sulfur metabolites. The discovery of an abundant and diverse suite of marine bacteria with the genetic capacity for DOS transformation argues for an important role for sulfur metabolites in the pelagic ocean carbon cycle. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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