Evaluation of potential human health effects associated with the agricultural uses of 1,3-D: Spatial and temporal stochastic risk analysis
| Autor: | Bryce D. Landenberger, Larry R Holden, Paul S. Price, Jeffrey H. Driver, John H. Ross, Zhongyu June Yan, Ian van Wesenbeeck, Kerry Hastings, Reza J. Rasoulpour, Sean C. Gehen |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Risk analysis
Geographic mobility Insecticides Environmental Engineering 0211 other engineering and technologies 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Risk Assessment Toxicology Human health Environmental health Hydrocarbons Chlorinated Environmental Chemistry Humans Waste Management and Disposal 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Exposure assessment 021110 strategic defence & security studies Stochastic Processes business.industry Agriculture Pollution Hazard Allyl Compounds Environmental science Risk assessment Cancer risk business |
| Zdroj: | The Science of the total environment. 571 |
| ISSN: | 1879-1026 |
| Popis: | Dow AgroSciences (DAS) markets and sells 1,3-Dichloropropene (1,3-D), the active ingredient in Telone®, which is used as a pre-plant soil fumigant nematicide in economically important crops in California. 1,3-D has been regulated as a "probable human carcinogen" and the California Department of Pesticide Regulation limits use of 1,3-D based on human health risk assessments for bystanders. This paper presents a risk characterization for bystanders based on advances in the assessment of both exposure and hazard. The revised bystander risk assessment incorporates significant advances: 1) new data on residency duration and mobility in communities where 1,3-D is in high demand; 2) new information on spatial and temporal concentrations of 1,3-D in air based on multi-year modeling using a validated model; and 3) a new stochastic spatial and temporal model of long-term exposures. Predicted distributions of long-term, chronic exposures indicate that current, and anticipated uses of 1,3-D would result in lifetime average daily doses lower than 0.002mg/kg/d, a dose associated with theoretical lifetime excess cancer risk of10(-5) to95% of the local population based on a non-threshold risk assessment approach. Additionally, examination of 1,3-D toxicity studies including new chronic toxicity data and mechanism of action supports the use of a non-linear, threshold based risk assessment approach. The estimated maximum annual average daily dose of0.0016mg/kg/d derived from the updated exposure assessment was then compared with a threshold point of departure. The calculated margin of exposure is1000-fold, a clear indication of acceptable risk for human health. In summary, the best available science supports 1,3-D's threshold nature of hazard and the revised exposure assessment supports that current agricultural uses of 1,3-D are associated with reasonable certainty of no harm, i.e., estimated long-term exposures pose insignificant health risks to bystanders even when the non-threshold approach is assumed. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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