Industrial worker exposure to airborne particles during the packing of pigment and nanoscale titanium dioxide

Autor: Jorma Jokiniemi, Kaarle Hämeri, Ari Auvinen, Esa Vanhala, Jussi Lyyränen, Timo Tuomi, Antti Joonas Koivisto
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2012
Předmět:
Materials science
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
Health
Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Nanoparticle
Metal Nanoparticles
Context (language use)
Nanotechnology
Air Pollutants
Occupational
Respiratory Mucosa
010501 environmental sciences
Toxicology
medicine.disease_cause
01 natural sciences
Models
Biological
Risk Assessment
chemistry.chemical_compound
Automation
Soot
Occupational Exposure
medicine
Product Packaging
Mass concentration (chemistry)
Humans
TiO2
Tissue Distribution
characterization
Particle Size
Coloring Agents
Lung
Aerosol
Finland
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Inhalation exposure
Titanium
Inhalation Exposure
Dose-Response Relationship
Drug
nanoparticle
dose
chemistry
Chemical engineering
exposure
Chemical Industry
Titanium dioxide
Workforce
Particulate Matter
Particle size
Zdroj: Koivisto, A J, Lyyränen, J, Auvinen, A, Vanhala, E, Hämeri, K, Tuomi, T & Jokiniemi, J 2012, ' Industrial worker exposure to airborne particles during the packing of pigment and nanoscale titanium dioxide ', Inhalation Toxicology, vol. 24, no. 12, pp. 839-849 . https://doi.org/10.3109/08958378.2012.724474
ISSN: 1091-7691
0895-8378
DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2012.724474
Popis: Context: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) factory workers’ source specific exposure and dose to airborne particles was studied extensively for particles between 5 nm and 10 μm in size.Objective: We defined TiO2 industry workers’ quantitative inhalation exposure levels during the packing of pigment TiO2 (pTiO2) and nanoscale TiO2 (nTiO2) material from concentrations measured at work area.Methods: Particle emissions from different work events were identified by linking work activity with the measured number size distributions and mass concentrations of particles. A lung deposit model was used to calculate regional inhalation dose rates in units of particles min−1 and μg min−1 without use of respirators.Results: Workers’ average exposure varied from 225 to 700 μg m−3 and from 1.15 × 104 to 20.1 × 104 cm−4. Over 90% of the particles were smaller than 100 nm. These were mainly soot and particles formed from process chemicals. Mass concentration originated primarily from the packing of pTiO2 and nTiO2 agglomerates. The nTiO2 exposure resulted in a calculated dose rate of 3.6 × 106 min−1 and 32 μg min−1 where 70% of the particles and 85% of the mass was deposited in head airways.Conclusions: The recommended TiO2 exposure limits in mass by NIOSH and in particle number by IFA were not exceeded. We recommend source-specific exposure assessment in order to evaluate the workers’ risks. In nTiO2 packing, mass concentration best describes the workers’ exposure to nTiO2 agglomerates. Minute dose rates enable the simulation of workers’ risks in different exposure scenarios.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz:
Nepřihlášeným uživatelům se plný text nezobrazuje