Determination of Actual Evapotranspiration and Crop Coefficients of California Date Palms Using the Residual of Energy Balance Approach
| Autor: | Sonia Rios, Alireza Pourreza, Dennis L. Corwin, Richard L. Snyder, Aliasghar Montazar, Cayle Little, Robert Krueger |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Canopy
lcsh:Hydraulic engineering Soil salinity 0208 environmental biotechnology Geography Planning and Development evapotranspiration 02 engineering and technology Aquatic Science Biochemistry California low desert lcsh:Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes lcsh:TC1-978 Consumptive water use Evapotranspiration Irrigation management crop coefficient date palm Water Science and Technology Hydrology lcsh:TD201-500 residual of energy balance calculations 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences 020801 environmental engineering Crop coefficient Water resources Loam 040103 agronomy & agriculture 0401 agriculture forestry and fisheries Environmental science |
| Zdroj: | Water Volume 12 Issue 8 Water, Vol 12, Iss 2253, p 2253 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 2073-4441 |
| Popis: | As water scarcity becomes of greater concern in arid and semi-arid regions due to altered weather patterns, greater and more accurate knowledge regarding evapotranspiration of crops produced in these areas is of increased significance to better manage limited water resources. This study aimed at determining the actual evapotranspiration (ETa) and crop coefficients (Ka) in California date palms. The residual of energy balance method using a combination of surface renewal and eddy covariance techniques was applied to measure ETa in six commercial mature date palm orchards (8&ndash 22 years old) over one year. The experimental orchards represent various soil types and conditions, irrigation management practices, canopy characteristics, and the most common date cultivars in the region. The results demonstrated considerable variability in date palm consumptive water use, both spatially and temporally. The cumulative ETa (CETa) across the six sites ranged from 1299 to 1501 mm with a mean daily ETa of 7.2 mm day&minus 1 in June&ndash July and 1.0 mm day&minus 1 in December at the site with the highest crop water consumption. The mean monthly Ka values varied between 0.63 (December) and 0.90 (June) in the non-salt-affected, sandy loam soil date palms with an average density of 120 plants ha&minus 1 and an average canopy cover and tree height of more than 80% and 11.0 m, respectively. However, the values ranged from 0.62 to 0.75 in a silty clay loam saline-sodic date palm orchard with 55% canopy cover, density of 148 plants ha&minus 1, and 7.3 m tree height. Inverse relationships were derived between the CETa and soil salinity (ECe) in the crop root zone and between the mean annual Ka and ECe. This information addresses the immediate needs of date growers for irrigation management in the region and enables them to more efficiently utilize water and to achieve full economic gains in a sustainable manner, especially as water resources become less available or more expensive. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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