Mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma progression
| Autor: | Jeannette Huaman, Olorunseun O. Ogunwobi, Trisheena Harricharran, Grace X. Ma, Minhhuyen Nguyen, Yin Tan, Oluwatoyin Odumuwagun, Anna Galuza |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Sorafenib
Oncology medicine.medical_specialty Carcinoma Hepatocellular Hepatocellular carcinoma Review Immunomodulation 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Circulating tumor cell Risk Factors Cancer stem cell Internal medicine Genetic predisposition Humans Medicine Alcohol consumption Hepatitis Tumor microenvironment Cancer stem cells business.industry Liver Neoplasms Circulating tumor cells Gastroenterology Tumor-stromal interactions General Medicine Viral/non-viral hepatitis Prognosis Epithelial-mesenchymal transition medicine.disease digestive system diseases Liver 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Disease Progression Neural regulation 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology business Viral hepatitis medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | World Journal of Gastroenterology |
| ISSN: | 1007-9327 |
| Popis: | Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver. It is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with a very poor prognosis. In the United States, there has been only minimal improvement in the prognosis for HCC patients over the past 15 years. Details of the molecular mechanisms and other mechanisms of HCC progression remain unclear. Consequently, there is an urgent need for better understanding of these mechanisms. HCC is often diagnosed at advanced stages, and most patients will therefore need systemic therapy, with sorafenib being the most common at the present time. However, sorafenib therapy only minimally enhances patient survival. This review provides a summary of some of the known mechanisms that either cause HCC or contribute to its progression. Included in this review are the roles of viral hepatitis, non-viral hepatitis, chronic alcohol intake, genetic predisposition and congenital abnormalities, toxic exposures, and autoimmune diseases of the liver. Well-established molecular mechanisms of HCC progression such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor-stromal interactions and the tumor microenvironment, cancer stem cells, and senescence bypass are also discussed. Additionally, we discuss the roles of circulating tumor cells, immunomodulation, and neural regulation as potential new mechanisms of HCC progression. A better understanding of these mechanisms could have implications for the development of novel and more effective therapeutic and prognostic strategies, which are critically needed. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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