Optimising targets for tsetse control: Taking a fly’s-eye-view to improve the colour of synthetic fabrics
| Autor: | Steve J. Torr, David Tsikire, G. A. Vale, Roger D. Santer |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Photoreceptors 0301 basic medicine Insecticides Sensory Receptors Polymers RC955-962 Social Sciences Disease Vectors Pheromones Geographical Locations Toxicology 0302 clinical medicine Animal Cells Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine Zoonoses Medicine and Health Sciences Psychology African trypanosomiasis Materials Neurons Protozoans Behavior Animal Textiles Eukaryota Agriculture people.cause_of_death Reflectivity Insects Cotton cloth Electrocution Chemistry Infectious Diseases Macromolecules Physical Sciences Female Sensory Perception Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Cellular Types Agrochemicals Research Article Signal Transduction Neglected Tropical Diseases Tsetse control Zimbabwe Trypanosoma Glossina Tsetse Flies Arthropoda Tsetse Fly Polyesters Materials Science 030231 tropical medicine Blue cotton Color Biology Insect Control African Trypanosomiasis 03 medical and health sciences Trypanosomiasis parasitic diseases Parasitic Diseases medicine Animals Protozoan Infections Staining and Labeling Organisms Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Biology and Life Sciences Afferent Neurons Tsetse fly Cell Biology Polymer Chemistry Tropical Diseases biology.organism_classification medicine.disease Invertebrates Parasitic Protozoans Insect Vectors Species Interactions 030104 developmental biology Cellular Neuroscience Odorants People and Places Africa people Neuroscience Field conditions |
| Zdroj: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 13, Iss 12, p e0007905 (2019) |
| ISSN: | 1935-2735 |
| Popis: | The savannah tsetse flies, Glossina morsitans morsitans and G. pallidipes, are important vectors of Rhodesian human African trypanosomiasis and animal African trypanosomiasis in East and southern Africa. We tested in Zimbabwe whether robust, synthetic fabrics, and innovative fly’s-eye-view approaches to optimise fabric colour, can improve insecticide-treated targets employed for tsetse control. Flies were caught by electrocution at a standard target comprising a 1m x 1m black cotton cloth panel with 1m x 0.5m black polyester net panels on each side. Catches were subdivided by species and sex. Tsetse catches were unaffected by substitution of the black cotton with a blue polyester produced for riverine tsetse targets. Exchanging the net panels for phthalogen blue cotton to simulate the target routinely used in Zimbabwe significantly reduced catches of female G. m. morsitans (mean catch 0.7 times that at standard), with no effect on other tsetse catches. However, significantly greater proportions of the catch were intercepted at the central panel of the Zimbabwe (means 0.47–0.79) versus standard designs (0.11–0.29). We also engineered a new violet polyester cloth using models of tsetse attraction based upon fly photoreceptor responses. With and without odour lure, catches of females of both species at the violet target were significantly greater than those at standard (means 1.5–1.6 times those at standard), and typical blue polyester targets (means 0.9–1.3 times those at standard). Similar effects were observed for males under some combinations of species and odour treatment. The proportions of catch intercepted at the central panel of the violet target (means 0.08–0.18) were intermediate between those at standard and typical blue polyester. Further, the reflectance spectrum of violet polyester was more stable under field conditions than that of black cotton. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of photoreceptor-based models as a novel means of improving targets to control tsetse and trypanosomiases. Author summary Tsetse flies transmit parasites that cause sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in cattle. Tsetse can be controlled using insecticide-treated fabric targets, which are typically blue or black and traditionally made of cotton. The efficiency of these targets might be improved by using modern synthetic fabrics that last longer and hold insecticide better, and by optimising the colour of these fabrics to be more attractive to tsetse. However, because flies see colour differently from humans, any attempts to do this must consider colour from a fly’s-eye-view. First, we tested a range of existing target fabrics against savannah tsetse in Zimbabwe. We found that a blue polyester currently produced for riverine tsetse targets was equally as effective in attracting tsetse as standard cotton targets, demonstrating that these more robust polyesters can be used for savannah tsetse control. We then employed novel models of tsetse attraction based upon fly photoreceptor responses to deliberately engineer a new violet polyester for greater predicted attractiveness to tsetse. In field tests, our new violet fabric attracted significantly more tsetse than a traditional black cotton or typical blue polyester. Our work shows that innovative fly’s-eye-view approaches can result in genuine improvements in tsetse control devices. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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