Understanding the interplay between CpG island-associated gene promoters and H3K4 methylation
| Autor: | Amy L. Hughes, Robert J. Klose, Jessica R. Kelley |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Transcription
Genetic Biophysics Biology Biochemistry Article Histones CpG islands 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Structural Biology Gene expression Genetics Animals Promoter Regions Genetic Molecular Biology Transcription factor 030304 developmental biology 0303 health sciences DNA methylation Promoter H3K4me3 Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase Chromatin Neoplasm Proteins Cell biology DNA-Binding Proteins Histone Gene Expression Regulation CpG site biology.protein Transcription Protein Processing Post-Translational Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. Gene Regulatory Mechanisms Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Gene Regulatory Mechanisms |
| Popis: | The precise regulation of gene transcription is required to establish and maintain cell type-specific gene expression programs during multicellular development. In addition to transcription factors, chromatin, and its chemical modification, play a central role in regulating gene expression. In vertebrates, DNA is pervasively methylated at CG dinucleotides, a modification that is repressive to transcription. However, approximately 70% of vertebrate gene promoters are associated with DNA elements called CpG islands (CGIs) that are refractory to DNA methylation. CGIs integrate the activity of a range of chromatin-regulating factors that can post-translationally modify histones and modulate gene expression. This is exemplified by the trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me3), which is enriched at CGI-associated gene promoters and correlates with transcriptional activity. Through studying H3K4me3 at CGIs it has become clear that CGIs shape the distribution of H3K4me3 and, in turn, H3K4me3 influences the chromatin landscape at CGIs. Here we will discuss our understanding of the emerging relationship between CGIs, H3K4me3, and gene expression. Highlights • The deposition of H3K4me3 is intrinsically linked to CpG islands via ZF-CxxC domain-containing proteins. • H3K4me3 levels at CpG islands are regulated by transcription and other chromatin features. • H3K4me3 influences chromatin architecture at CpG islands and has been proposed to regulate gene expression. • H3K4me3 may contribute to bistable chromatin states at CpG islands. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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