СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПРАВОВИЙ СТАТУС УЧИТЕЛІВ НАДДНІПРЯНСЬКОЇ УКРАЇНИ (ХІХ – ПОЧАТОК ХХ СТ.)
| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
|---|---|
| Předmět: |
класний чин
education ХІХ — початок ХХ ст Computer Networks and Communications civil service official class rank home teacher 355.23(477) [94] освіта державна служба social status учитель чиновник Hardware and Architecture домашня наставниця 19th — early 20th century teacher соціальний статус Software |
| Zdroj: | Сторінки історії. |
| ISSN: | 2411-0647 2307-5244 |
| DOI: | 10.20535/2307-5244.55.2022.269755 |
| Popis: | У статті висвітлюється історія становлення соціально-правового статусу педагогів початкових та середніх закладів загальної освіти як соціально-професійної групи у Російській імперії ХІХ — початку ХХ ст. у межах Наддніпрянської України. Аналізуються аспекти матеріального забезпечення, зокрема формування джерел статків, пенсійне забезпечення, право на статус державного службовця, а також соціальні гарантії відповідно до статусу. Звернено увагу на гендерний аспект проблеми: соціальне становище жінок-педагогів як у початкових, так і в середніх закладах освіти. Modernization of the educational sphere requires an appeal to historical experience. Teachers are an important part of the education system, providing training for future citizens and specialists in management and economics. Analysis of research shows that in domestic historiography the problems of the social status of teachers of primary and secondary educational institutions are not sufficiently covered. This article makes an attempt to trace the process of formation of the зкшmary and secondary teaching staff into a social and professional group. The authors made extensive research on factual and statistical materials. In the course of the research special historical methods (historical-comparative, historical- systemic, retrospective) were used, supplementing them with general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, analogy, statistical). The research is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity, and concreteness. The article highlights the history of the formation of the social status of teachers of educational institutions in the Russian Empire in the 19th — early 20th centuries, paying attention to the educational institutions of the Dnieper Ukraine, as an integral part of it. This process was reflected in the social structure of the population since a social and professional group of pedagogical workers was forming in the society. Teachers and professors of higher educational institutions belonged to this group. Teachers comprised the majority of the pedagogical staff, as they were teaching in primary and secondary educational institutions. During this period, pedagogical workers of general educational institutions consolidated into a special social professional group, which performed the legally designated task of educating citizens and providing basic educational training for future specialists. In turn, this social group was not homogeneous in terms of material and non-material incentives. Zemstvo school teachers had fewer rights and material incentives, although they made up the majority of the teaching staff. Employees of district schools and gymnasiums had a better position since they were enrolled in the civil service with a higher salaries, pension guarantees, a system of awards and social preferences, but with limited career opportunities. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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