Non-volatile disinfection byproducts are far more toxic to mammalian cells than volatile byproducts
| Autor: | Qian-Yuan Wu, Zi-Fan Liang, Hong-Ying Hu, Wen-Long Wang, Ye Du, Lu-Lin Yang, Wen-Cheng Huang |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Chlorinated water
Environmental Engineering Halogenation 0208 environmental biotechnology Guanosine 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences medicine.disease_cause 01 natural sciences Natural organic matter Water Purification chemistry.chemical_compound medicine Animals Cytotoxicity Waste Management and Disposal Effluent 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Water Science and Technology Civil and Structural Engineering chemistry.chemical_classification Reactive oxygen species Ecological Modeling Pollution 020801 environmental engineering Disinfection chemistry Environmental chemistry Toxicity Genotoxicity Water Pollutants Chemical Disinfectants Trihalomethanes |
| Zdroj: | Water research. 183 |
| ISSN: | 1879-2448 |
| Popis: | Water is often chlorinated to protect public health, but chlorination causes harmful disinfection byproducts to form. Currently available in vitro assays generally determine non-volatile disinfection byproduct (NVDBP) toxicities because of the limitation of pretreatments used, but chemical analyses and regulations are focused on volatile disinfection byproducts (VDBPs) such as trihalomethanes. The gap of VDBP toxicities have been of concern for some time. In this study, we extracted VDBPs from two chlorinated effluent organic matters and one chlorinated natural organic matter, using a helium aeration–liquid nitrogen condensation system, and systematically assessed the VDBP and NVDBP toxicities to mammalian cells. VDBPs accounted for 10%–20% of the total organic halogen concentrations in three chlorinated water samples. VDBPs were much less cytotoxic, caused fewer DNA double-strand breaks, induced less reactive oxygen species and DNA/RNA oxidative damage marker of 8-hydroxyl(deoxy)guanosine in cells than did NVDBPs. Moreover, by collecting the VDBPs, toxicity measurement of the full range of DBPs was achieved. Cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species and 8-hydroxyl(deoxy)guanosine levels were significantly higher for cells exposed to the mixture of VDBPs and NVDBPs than only NVDBPs, but not by large percentages (20%–30% for cytotoxicity), suggesting NVDBPs mainly contributed to the toxicity of chlorinated water. Our study suggested that future research should focus more on NVDBP toxicity and identifying toxicity drivers from NVDBPs. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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