Aggregated aluminium exposure: risk assessment for the general population
| Autor: | Matthias Greiner, Rainer Gürtler, Thomas Tietz, Jutta Tentschert, Christian Riebeling, Michael Giulbudagian, Reiner Wittkowski, Andreas Luch, Andreas Hensel, Tewes Tralau, Ariane Lenzner, Christian Jung, Stefan Merkel, S. Zellmer, Anna Elena Kolbaum, Ralph Pirow, Oliver Lindtner, Peter Laux, Bernd Schäfer, Alfonso Lampen, Oliver Kappenstein |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
food.ingredient Food contact materials Adolescent Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis media_common.quotation_subject Population Developmental toxicity chemistry.chemical_element Food Contamination 010501 environmental sciences Toxicology 01 natural sciences Cosmetics Risk Assessment Dietary Exposure 03 medical and health sciences food Aluminium Toxicity Tests Acute Medicine Animals Humans education Child 0105 earth and related environmental sciences media_common education.field_of_study business.industry Food additive Infant General Medicine Environmental Exposure Food safety 030104 developmental biology chemistry Child Preschool Carcinogens Food Additives business Risk assessment Aluminum Mutagens |
| Zdroj: | Archives of toxicology. 93(12) |
| ISSN: | 1432-0738 |
| Popis: | Aluminium is one of the most abundant elements in earth’s crust and its manifold uses result in an exposure of the population from many sources. Developmental toxicity, effects on the urinary tract and neurotoxicity are known effects of aluminium and its compounds. Here, we assessed the health risks resulting from total consumer exposure towards aluminium and various aluminium compounds, including contributions from foodstuffs, food additives, food contact materials (FCM), and cosmetic products. For the estimation of aluminium contents in foodstuff, data from the German “Pilot-Total-Diet-Study” were used, which was conducted as part of the European TDS-Exposure project. These were combined with consumption data from the German National Consumption Survey II to yield aluminium exposure via food for adults. It was found that the average weekly aluminium exposure resulting from food intake amounts to approx. 50% of the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 1 mg/kg body weight (bw)/week, derived by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). For children, data from the French “Infant Total Diet Study” and the “Second French Total Diet Study” were used to estimate aluminium exposure via food. As a result, the TWI can be exhausted or slightly exceeded—particularly for infants who are not exclusively breastfed and young children relying on specially adapted diets (e.g. soy-based, lactose free, hypoallergenic). When taking into account the overall aluminium exposure from foods, cosmetic products (cosmetics), pharmaceuticals and FCM from uncoated aluminium, a significant exceedance of the EFSA-derived TWI and even the PTWI of 2 mg/kg bw/week, derived by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, may occur. Specifically, high exposure levels were found for adolescents aged 11–14 years. Although exposure data were collected with special regard to the German population, it is also representative for European and comparable to international consumers. From a toxicological point of view, regular exceedance of the lifetime tolerable aluminium intake (TWI/PTWI) is undesirable, since this results in an increased risk for health impairments. Consequently, recommendations on how to reduce overall aluminium exposure are given. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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