The Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Foot Stress Fractures
| Autor: | Ian Nugent, Vivek Dixit, James Pegrum, Nat Padhiar |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
Orthotic Devices
medicine.medical_specialty Fractures Stress Radiography Nonunion Osteoporosis Physical Therapy Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation Body Mass Index Talus Risk Factors Humans Medicine Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Risk factor Metatarsal Bones Osteoporosis Postmenopausal Stress fractures medicine.diagnostic_test Foot business.industry Foot Bones Female Athlete Triad Syndrome Magnetic resonance imaging Tarsal Bones medicine.disease Magnetic Resonance Imaging Orthotic device Surgery Review article Calcaneus Sesamoid Bones business Algorithms |
| Zdroj: | The Physician and Sportsmedicine. 42:87-99 |
| ISSN: | 2326-3660 0091-3847 |
| DOI: | 10.3810/psm.2014.11.2095 |
| Popis: | There is an increasing prevalence of osteoporosis, and with it a rise in the diagnosis of stress fractures. Postmenopausal women are particularly at risk of stress fractures. This review article describes the pathophysiology of foot stress fractures and the latest diagnostic and treatment strategies for these common injuries.There are numerous risk factors for stress fractures that have been identified in the literature. Reduced bone mineral density is an independent risk factor for delayed union. Prevention of stress fractures with training periodization and nutritional assessment is essential, especially in females. Diagnosis of stress fractures of the foot is based on history and diagnostic imaging, which include radiographs, ultrasound, therapeutic ultrasound, computed tomography, and bone scans; however, magnetic resonance imaging is still the gold standard. Treatment depends on the bone involved and the risk of nonunion, with high-risk fractures requiring immobilization or surgical intervention. Patients presenting with underlying bone mineral deficiency treated without surgery require a longer period of activity modification. Training rehabilitation protocols are described for those with low-risk stress fractures.A useful algorithm is presented to guide the clinician in the diagnosis and management of such injuries. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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