Neuroimaging reward, craving, learning, and cognitive control in substance use disorders: review and implications for treatment
| Autor: | Joseph T. Sakai, Joshua L. Gowin, Diana Martinez, Michael F. Regner, Jody Tanabe |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Substance-Related Disorders
Craving Neuroimaging 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Cognition Reward Dopamine medicine Humans Learning Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Prefrontal cortex Anterior cingulate cortex Brain Mapping business.industry Advances in neurodegenerative and psychiatric imaging special feature: Review Article Brain General Medicine medicine.disease Magnetic Resonance Imaging 030227 psychiatry Ventral tegmental area Substance abuse medicine.anatomical_structure Positron-Emission Tomography medicine.symptom Cues business Neuroscience Insula 030217 neurology & neurosurgery medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Br J Radiol |
| ISSN: | 1748-880X |
| Popis: | Substance use disorder is a leading causes of preventable disease and mortality. Drugs of abuse cause molecular and cellular changes in specific brain regions and these neuroplastic changes are thought to play a role in the transition to uncontrolled drug use. Neuroimaging has identified neural substrates associated with problematic substance use and may offer clues to reduce its burden on the patient and society. Here, we provide a narrative review of neuroimaging studies that have examined the structures and circuits associated with reward, cues and craving, learning, and cognitive control in substance use disorders. Most studies use advanced MRI or positron emission tomography (PET). Many studies have focused on the dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area, and the regions where these neurons terminate, such as the striatum and prefrontal cortex. Decreases in dopamine receptors and transmission have been found in chronic users of drugs, alcohol, and nicotine. Recent studies also show evidence of differences in structure and function in substance users relative to controls in brain regions involved in salience evaluation, such as the insula and anterior cingulate cortex. Balancing between reward-related bottom-up and cognitive-control-related top-down processes is discussed in the context of neuromodulation as a potential treatment. Finally, some of the challenges for understanding substance use disorder using neuroimaging methods are discussed. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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