Intracellular Spread of Rabies Virus Is Reduced in the Paralytic Form of Canine Rabies Compared to the Furious Form
| Autor: | Pornchai Phukpattaranont, Chinachote Teerapakpinyo, Shanop Shuangshoti, Veera Tepsumethanon, Nirun Intarut, Nisachol Thepa, Thiravat Hemachudha, Boonlert Lumlertdacha, Paul S. Thorner |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
RNA viruses
Central Nervous System 0301 basic medicine Viral Diseases Pathology and Laboratory Medicine medicine.disease_cause Nervous System 0302 clinical medicine Animal Cells Zoonoses Medicine and Health Sciences Dog Diseases Antigens Viral Cells Cultured Neurons Mammals lcsh:Public aspects of medicine Brain Viral Load Infectious Diseases Spinal Cord Medical Microbiology Cell Processes Viral Pathogens Viruses Vertebrates Body region Pathogens Cellular Types Anatomy Brainstem Viral load Intracellular Research Article Neglected Tropical Diseases lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine Rabies lcsh:RC955-962 Biology Microbiology Virus Rabies Virus 03 medical and health sciences Dogs Antigen medicine Animals Microbial Pathogens Biology and life sciences Rabies virus Organisms Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health lcsh:RA1-1270 Cell Biology Tropical Diseases medicine.disease Virology Neuroanatomy 030104 developmental biology Viral replication Cellular Neuroscience Amniotes Immunology Lyssavirus 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Neuroscience |
| Zdroj: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 10, Iss 6, p e0004748 (2016) PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| ISSN: | 1935-2735 1935-2727 |
| Popis: | Studies of the furious and paralytic forms of canine rabies at the early stage of disease have shown a more rapid viral colonization of the cerebral hemispheres in the furious form, as measured by viral antigen within neuronal cell bodies and viral RNA levels. Measurement of cellular processes separate from neuronal cell body provides a visual record of the spread of rabies virus which occurs across synapses. In this study, the amount of rabies viral antigen within cell processes was quantitatively assessed by image analysis in a cohort of naturally rabies infected non-vaccinated dogs (5 furious and 5 paralytic) that were sacrificed shortly after developing illness. Measurements were taken at different levels of the spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebrum. Results were compared to the amount of rabies viral antigen in neuronal cell bodies. Generally, the amount of rabies viral antigen in cell processes decreased in a rostral direction, following the pattern for the amount of rabies viral antigen in neuronal cell bodies and the percentage of involved cell bodies. However, there was a delay in cell process involvement following cell body involvement, consistent with replication occurring in the cell body region and subsequent transport out to cell processes. Greater amounts of antigen were seen in cell processes in dogs with the furious compared to paralytic form, at all anatomic levels examined. This difference was even evident when comparing (1) neurons with similar amounts of antigen, (2) similar percentages of involved neurons, and (3) anatomic levels that showed 100% positive neurons. These findings suggest that intracellular transport of the virus may be slower in the paralytic form, resulting in slower viral propagation. Possible mechanisms might involve host-specific differences in intracellular virus transport. The latter could be cytokine-mediated, since previous studies have documented greater inflammation in the paralytic form. Author Summary Dogs with rabies can show the furious or paralytic form. The virus spreads from nerve cell to nerve cell via connections in cell processes. There are greater amounts of virus in the nerve cell bodies in the furious form. Studying cell processes separate from cell body provides a visual record of the spread of rabies virus. The amount of rabies viral protein within cell processes was measured in dogs with rabies (5 furious and 5 paralytic) sacrificed shortly after developing illness. The amount of viral protein in cell processes decreased from spinal cord to brain, as did the amount of viral protein in cell bodies and the percentage of involved cell bodies. However, there was a delay in cell process involvement following cell body involvement, consistent with the virus replicating in the cell body region and later moving out to cell processes. Greater amounts of viral protein were seen in cell processes in dogs with the furious compared to paralytic form, by comparing nerve cells with similar amounts of antigen, or similar percentages of involved nerve cells. These findings suggest that intracellular transport of the virus may be slower in paralytic rabies, resulting in slower viral spread in the brain. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|