Simple gases to replace non-environmentally friendly polymer foaming agents. A thermodynamic investigation
| Autor: | Stanislaw L. Randzio, Jean-Pierre E. Grolier |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | MI, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bonnefoy, Stéphanie |
| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: |
Gas solubility Polymer swelling Scanning transitiometry Gas-polymer interactions Thermophysical properties Polystyrene CO2 N2 Freons
Foaming agent 02 engineering and technology 010402 general chemistry 01 natural sciences 7. Clean energy Polymer engineering Blowing agent Ozone layer Organic chemistry General Materials Science Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Process engineering chemistry.chemical_classification Freon business.industry Chemistry Sorption Polymer 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Environmentally friendly Atomic and Molecular Physics and Optics 0104 chemical sciences 13. Climate action 0210 nano-technology business |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, Elsevier, 2012, 46, pp.42-56 Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 2012, 46, pp.42-56 |
| ISSN: | 0021-9614 1096-3626 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jct.2011.07.017 |
| Popis: | International audience; Foaming constitutes one of the most important industrial activities in polymer engineering to produce efficient thermal insulating materials. In particular, rigid insulating boards are produced worldwide on a large scale using blowing agents which eventually are released in the environment where they adversely impact the natural friendly stratospheric ozone layer. Concomitantly, the chemicals used as blowing agents contribute to the creation of the unfriendly tropospheric ozone layer generating the disastrous green house effect around our planet. The traditional foaming intermediates currently named freons, like chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's) currently used as blowing agents as well as the hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) often considered as alternative blowing agents, must be banned from industrial processes and new (friendly) foaming agents have to be suggested and evaluated in terms of both easy engineering and environmental neutrality. Undoubtedly thermodynamics plays a major role in assessing the effective capability of those chemicals. Some CFC's still accepted and other possible simple gases like carbon dioxide and nitrogen have been considered. The in-depth thermodynamic investigation has been made possible thanks to new experimental developments to determine gas solubility in polymers and associated swelling as well as the thermodynamic properties of (gas + polymer) systems, including the thermophysical properties of polymers under gas sorption. Pertinent data have been generated for such properties over extended T and p ranges. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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