STDs, AIDS and reproductive health

Autor: Johannisson E
Rok vydání: 1996
Předmět:
Zdroj: Advances in Contraception. 12:281-284
ISSN: 1573-7195
0267-4874
DOI: 10.1007/bf01849331
Popis: In 1994, at the 10th International Conference on AIDS, the World Health Organization estimated that between 153 and 328 million cases of curable sexually transmittable disease (STD) occur in the world every year. Additionally between 52 and 122 million cases of gonorrhea occur; 57 to 102 million cases of trichomoniasis; 20 to 72 million cases of chlamydia; 10 to 24 million cases of syphilis and 5 to 7 million cases of chancroid. For 40 years, antibiotics have been available to treat common bacterial and protozoal STDs, so why does a problem still exist? The persistently high level of STD globally is not only a problem which can be referred to developing countries and the failing health policies. In the United States more than 12 million cases of STD occur per year. This figure includes 2.5 million teenagers. Some individuals are infected repeatedly and many have more than one infection simultaneously. Chlamydia infection is most commonly found, approximately 4 million episodes per year. The second most commonly found STD is trichomoniasis with approximately 3.0 million episodes per year. This is followed by gonorrhea, various non-specified urethritis and cervicitis. Finally, genital warts comprise a million cases. Genital herpes, hepatitis B and syphilis are less frequently found. Therefore, there is a wide variety of STDs caused by different organisms and they also have different clinical symptoms. Some people show no symptoms of illness. Though unaware they are carrying the disease, they may be able to transmit the disease to others. People who have more than one partner are at risk of acquiring an STD, as are those who have sex with someone who has multiple partners. The risk of transmission of STDs is extremely high. Each time a woman changes her sexual partner she faces the risk of contracting disease. If her partner has an STD, the probability of the woman becoming infected is high. By one single act of unprotected intercourse with a man infected by gonorrhea, the woman is running a 50% risk of contracting gonorrhea. Depending upon the infection of her partner the woman is running a 30-40% risk of contracting the disease by a single act of unprotected intercourse. In most cases, women are more susceptible to STDs than
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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