The CNS/PNS Extracellular Matrix Provides Instructive Guidance Cues to Neural Cells and Neuroregulatory Proteins in Neural Development and Repair

Autor: James Melrose, Gregory J. Bix, Anthony Joseph Hayes
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Central Nervous System
QH301-705.5
extracellular matrix
Neurogenesis
Review
NG2 proteoglycan
Catalysis
Inorganic Chemistry
Extracellular matrix
hyaluronan
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
phosphacan
Peripheral Nervous System
Extracellular
medicine
Lectican
Neuroglycan-C
Animals
Humans
neural repair and regeneration1
Biology (General)
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Hyaluronic Acid
QD1-999
Molecular Biology
Spectroscopy
Neurons
lecticans
Chemistry
Perineuronal net
Regeneration (biology)
Organic Chemistry
General Medicine
Computer Science Applications
perlecan
030104 developmental biology
medicine.anatomical_structure
Peripheral nervous system
Synaptic plasticity
Proteoglycans
Nerve Net
Neural development
Neuroscience
agrin
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Signal Transduction
Zdroj: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 5583, p 5583 (2021)
ISSN: 1422-0067
Popis: Background. The extracellular matrix of the PNS/CNS is unusual in that it is dominated by glycosaminoglycans, especially hyaluronan, whose space filling and hydrating properties make essential contributions to the functional properties of this tissue. Hyaluronan has a relatively simple structure but its space-filling properties ensure micro-compartments are maintained in the brain ultrastructure, ensuring ionic niches and gradients are maintained for optimal cellular function. Hyaluronan has cell-instructive, anti-inflammatory properties and forms macro-molecular aggregates with the lectican CS-proteoglycans, forming dense protective perineuronal net structures that provide neural and synaptic plasticity and support cognitive learning. Aims. To highlight the central nervous system/peripheral nervous system (CNS/PNS) and its diverse extracellular and cell-associated proteoglycans that have cell-instructive properties regulating neural repair processes and functional recovery through interactions with cell adhesive molecules, receptors and neuroregulatory proteins. Despite a general lack of stabilising fibrillar collagenous and elastic structures in the CNS/PNS, a sophisticated dynamic extracellular matrix is nevertheless important in tissue form and function. Conclusions. This review provides examples of the sophistication of the CNS/PNS extracellular matrix, showing how it maintains homeostasis and regulates neural repair and regeneration.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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