Point-of-Care Analysis of Blood Ammonia with a Gas-Phase Sensor
| Autor: | Natalia Gomez-Ospina, Matthew W. Kanan, Gilbert Chu, Thomas R. Veltman, Chun J. Tsai |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Point-of-Care Systems Bioengineering 02 engineering and technology 01 natural sciences Gas phase Ammonia chemistry.chemical_compound medicine Humans Hyperammonemia Centrifugation Child Instrumentation Whole blood Point of care Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes Chromatography Chemistry Process Chemistry and Technology 010401 analytical chemistry 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology medicine.disease 0104 chemical sciences Ammonium chloride Blood ammonia 0210 nano-technology |
| Zdroj: | ACS Sensors. 5:2415-2421 |
| ISSN: | 2379-3694 |
| Popis: | Elevated blood ammonia (hyperammonemia) may cause delirium, brain damage, and even death. Effective treatments exist, but preventing permanent neurological sequelae requires rapid, accurate, and serial measurements of blood ammonia. Standard methods require volumes of 1 to 3 mL, centrifugation to isolate plasma, and a turn-around time of 2 h. Collection, handling, and processing requirements mean that community clinics, particularly those in low resource settings, cannot provide reliable measurements. We describe a method to measure ammonia from small-volume whole blood samples in 2 min. The method alkalizes blood to release gas-phase ammonia for detection by a fuel cell. When an inexpensive first-generation instrument designed for 100 μL of blood was tested on adults and children in a clinical study, the method showed a strong correlation (R2 = 0.97) with an academic clinical laboratory for plasma ammonia concentrations up to 500 μM (16 times higher than the upper limit of normal). A second-generation hand-held instrument designed for 10-20 μL of blood showed a near-perfect correlation (R2 = 0.99) with healthy donor blood samples containing known amounts of added ammonium chloride up to 1000 μM. Our method can enable rapid and inexpensive measurement of blood ammonia, transforming diagnosis and management of hyperammonemia. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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