Smoking in Correctional Settings Worldwide: Prevalence, Bans, and Interventions
| Autor: | Xingzhong Jin, Nancy Morisseau, Rebecca Fils-Aime, Junyu Chen, Robyn Hopkins, Gloria D. Eldridge, Kate Dolan, Anne C. Spaulding, Cynthia E Chico, Ana Drobeniuc, Carolyn Day |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Epidemiology media_common.quotation_subject medicine.medical_treatment Psychological intervention Smoking Prevention Prison Review Global Health tobacco 03 medical and health sciences Smoke-Free Policy 0302 clinical medicine Environmental health Health care Prevalence Global health Humans Medicine incarcerated 030212 general & internal medicine criminal justice media_common jail 030505 public health business.industry Prisoners Smoking Tobacco Smoking General Medicine Prisons correctional Smoking cessation Smoking Cessation prison 0305 other medical science business |
| Zdroj: | Epidemiologic Reviews |
| ISSN: | 1478-6729 0193-936X |
| DOI: | 10.1093/epirev/mxy005 |
| Popis: | Smoking tobacco contributes to 11.5% of deaths worldwide and, in some countries, more hospitalizations than alcohol and drugs combined. Globally in 2015, 25% of men and 5% of women smoked. In the United States, a higher proportion of people in prison smoke than do community-dwelling individuals. To determine smoking prevalence in prisons worldwide, we systematically reviewed the literature using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines; we also examined whether prisons banned smoking or treated smokers. We searched databases for articles published between 2012 and 2016 and located 85 relevant articles with data representing 73.5% of all incarcerated persons from 50 countries. In 35 of 36 nations (97%) with published prevalence data, smoking for the incarcerated exceeded community rates 1.04- to 62.6-fold. Taking a conservative estimate of a 2-fold increase, we estimated that, globally, 14.5 million male and 26,000 female smokers pass through prisons annually. Prison authorities’ responses include permitting, prohibiting, or treating tobacco use. Bans may temporarily improve health and reduce in-prison health care costs but have negligible effect after prison release. Evidence-based interventions for smoking cessation effective outside prisons are effective inside; effects persist after release. Because smoking prevalence is heightened in prisons, offering evidence-based interventions to nearly 15 million smokers passing through yearly would improve global health. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|