A Comprehensive Review: Sphingolipid Metabolism and Implications of Disruption in Sphingolipid Homeostasis
| Autor: | Brianna M. Quinville, Alex E. Ryckman, Natalie M. Deschenes, Jagdeep S. Walia |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Ceramide
Cell type QH301-705.5 Cell Review Biology glycosyl hydrolase Catalysis Inorganic Chemistry Membrane Lipids chemistry.chemical_compound Neoplasms medicine Animals Homeostasis Humans Sphingosine-1-phosphate ceramide Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Biology (General) Molecular Biology QD1-999 Spectroscopy Sphingolipids Molecular Structure glycosphingolipids Cell growth Cell Membrane Organic Chemistry Neurodegeneration neurodegeneration General Medicine Metabolism medicine.disease Sphingolipid Computer Science Applications Cell biology Chemistry medicine.anatomical_structure Models Chemical chemistry inflammation sphingosine-1-phosphate lysosomal storage disorder lipids (amino acids peptides and proteins) sphingolipid biosynthesis |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 5793, p 5793 (2021) International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| ISSN: | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| Popis: | Sphingolipids are a specialized group of lipids essential to the composition of the plasma membrane of many cell types; however, they are primarily localized within the nervous system. The amphipathic properties of sphingolipids enable their participation in a variety of intricate metabolic pathways. Sphingoid bases are the building blocks for all sphingolipid derivatives, comprising a complex class of lipids. The biosynthesis and catabolism of these lipids play an integral role in small- and large-scale body functions, including participation in membrane domains and signalling; cell proliferation, death, migration, and invasiveness; inflammation; and central nervous system development. Recently, sphingolipids have become the focus of several fields of research in the medical and biological sciences, as these bioactive lipids have been identified as potent signalling and messenger molecules. Sphingolipids are now being exploited as therapeutic targets for several pathologies. Here we present a comprehensive review of the structure and metabolism of sphingolipids and their many functional roles within the cell. In addition, we highlight the role of sphingolipids in several pathologies, including inflammatory disease, cystic fibrosis, cancer, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, and lysosomal storage disorders. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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