The epigenetic landscape of mammary gland development and functional differentiation

Autor: Elena B. Kabotyanski, Yegor S. Vassetzky, Jeffrey M. Rosen, Mohamad B. Montazer-Torbati, Monique Rijnkels, Eve Devinoy, C. Hue Beauvais
Přispěvatelé: Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Department of Molecular Cellular Biology, Baylor University-Baylor University, University of Birjand, Unité de recherche génomique et physiologie de la lactation (GPL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Interactions moléculaires et cancer (IMC (UMR 8126)), Signalisation, noyaux et innovations en cancérologie (UMR8126), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2010
Předmět:
Zdroj: Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia
Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia, Springer Verlag (Germany), 2010, 15 (1), pp.85-100. ⟨10.1007/s10911-010-9170-4⟩
ISSN: 1083-3021
1573-7039
DOI: 10.1007/s10911-010-9170-4⟩
Popis: International audience; Most of the development and functional differentiation in the mammary gland occur after birth. Epigenetics is defined as the stable alterations in gene expression potential that arise during development and proliferation. Epigenetic changes are mediated at the biochemical level by the chromatin conformation initiated by DNA methylation, histone variants, post-translational modifications of histones, non-histone chromatin proteins, and non-coding RNAs. Epigenetics plays a key role in development. However, very little is known about its role in the developing mammary gland or how it might integrate the many signalling pathways involved in mammary gland development and function that have been discovered during the past few decades. An inverse relationship between marks of closed (DNA methylation) or open chromatin (DnaseI hypersensitivity, certain histone modifications) and milk protein gene expression has been documented. Recent studies have shown that during development and functional differentiation, both global and local chromatin changes occur. Locally, chromatin at distal regulatory elements and promoters of milk protein genes gains a more open conformation. Furthermore, changes occur both in looping between regulatory elements and attachment to nuclear matrix. These changes are induced by developmental signals and environmental conditions. Additionally, distinct epigenetic patterns have been identified in mammary gland stem and progenitor cell sub-populations. Together, these findings suggest that epigenetics plays a role in mammary development and function. With the new tools for epigenomics developed in recent years, we now can begin to establish a framework for the role of epigenetics in mammary gland development and disease.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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