Moira atropos

Autor: Gondim, Anne Isabelley, Moura, Rafael Bendayan De, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey, Dias, Thelma Lúcia Pereira
Rok vydání: 2018
Předmět:
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5971058
Popis: Moira atropos (Lamarck, 1816) Figure 15 A–J Spatangus atropos Lamarck, 1816: 32. Echinocardium atropos Gray, 1825: 8. Schizaster atropos L. Agassiz & Desor, 1846: 22. Schizaster lachesis Girard, 1850: 368. Moera atropos A. Agassiz, 1863: 278. Moira atropos A. Agassiz, 1872: 146, pl. 23.― Tommasi, 1958a: 5 –6, pl. 1, fig. 3.― Brito, 1962: 6; 1968: 30, pl. 15, figs 5– 6.― Bernasconi, 1955: 65 –67, pl. 4, figs 1–2.― Oliveira et al., 2010: 11, fig. 4h. Moira atropus H.L. Clark, 1933: 89.― Tommasi, 1966a: 19, figs 40, 80, pl. 5a. Moira (Moira) atropos Mortensen, 1951: 329.― Devaney, 1974: 127, 158. Material examined. Sergipe: 2 spms, Atalaia Beach, Aracaju [UFSITAB-118]. Complementary material: 1 spm, São Sebastião Beach, São Paulo, X.1955 [MZUSP, without voucher]; 1 spm, 22°30′S 41°23′W, Rio de Janeiro, 25.X.1963 [EqMN333]. Description. Test subspherical or elliptical, covered with short, glassy and often curved spines (TL = 25 to 36.4 mm; TH = 19.3 to 31 mm; TW = 21 to 25.3 mm) (Fig. 15 A–C). Apical system ethmolytic. Two gonopores. Anterior ambulacra (II, III and IV) narrower and longer than posterior ambulacra (I and V) (Fig. 15A, D). Ambulacrum III deeply sunken and broader than the others (Fig. 15A, D). Other ambulacra also deeply sunken, forming slit-like depressions on aboral surface (Fig. 15A, D). Peripetalous fasciole well-developed, bordering margin of petals (Fig. 15A, D). Lateroanal fasciole well-developed, often appearing as black line (Fig. 15F). Posterior region of test truncate (Fig. 15 A–F). Periproct oval and longitudinal (Fig. 15G). Peristome kidney-shaped (Fig. 15B, E), covered by six or seven large plates. Labrum expanded, almost covering peristome (Fig. 15E). Amphisternous plastron covered by long and spatula-shaped spines (Fig. 15B). Crenulate and perforate tubercles (Fig. 15 D–G). Pedicellariae. Pedicellariae not observed, as only naked tests were available. The following descriptions were obtained from the literature. Globiferous pedicellariae with long and slender valves, curving abruptly at the tip. Foramen surrounded by six small teeth. Tridentate pedicellariae with curved and slender valves (Tommasi 1958a). Chesher (1963) provided excellent illustrations of this character (Fig. 15 H–J). Colour. Light brown or yellowish to white (Hendler et al. 1995). The spines, where more thickly clustered, are brownish (A. Agassiz 1869). Fasciole often dark red-brown, horseshoe-shaped, and partially encircling apical system (Hendler et al. 1995). Naked test white (Fig. 15 D–G). Distribution. North Carolina, South Carolina, Gulf of Mexico, Florida, Belize, Bermuda, Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Guadalupe, Haiti, Honduras, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil (H.L. Clark 1925; Borrero-Pérez et al. 2002, 2012; Alvarado et al. 2008; Smithsonian Database). In Brazil from SE, RJ and SP (Tommasi 1958a; Oliveira et al. 2010). From depths of 0 to 445 m, more common in less than 50 m depth (Serafy 1979; Laguarda-Figueras et al. 2005b). Remarks. Five extant species of Moira are known, of which only M. atropos occurs in the Atlantic Ocean. According to Chesher (1963), adults may reach a maximum TL of 60 mm. In the present study, only adults were observed, lacking variations. Moira atropos is a very characteristic and easily identifiable species due to the strongly sunken petals. Ecological notes. This species lives buried up to 15 cm in mud or mud-sand bottoms (del Valle García et al. 2005; Chesher 1963). It is a detritus feeder, extending the tubefeet of ambulacrum III in the direction of the surface through a tunnel constructed with sediment (Chesher 1963). Moira atropos is frequently recorded together with Schizaster spp. and Brissopsis elongata Mortensen, 1907. Among its main predators are the asteroid Luidia clathrata (Say, 1825) and the margate fish Haemulon album Cuvier (Hendler et al. 1995). The species is rarely collected, probably due to its burrowing habit. According to Brito (1962), this is a relative common species in São Sebastião, Santos, and Cananéia (São Paulo). However, in northeastern Brazil it is apparently rare. According to Chesher (1963), M. atropos lacks a mechanism to carry genital products from the neighbourhood of the genital pores to the water overlying the burrow. Therefore, this heart urchin likely ascends to the surface at fairly frequent intervals and there releases any available ripe sperm or eggs (Moore & Lopez 1966). Moore & Lopez (1966) reported a significant correlation between spawning of M. atropos and lunar phases, with peak spawning occurring immediately after a full moon. According to Tommasi (1958a) the genital pores only appear in specimens larger than 57 mm TL. However, we observed specimens of 24.76 mm with open genital pores.
Published as part of Gondim, Anne Isabelley, Moura, Rafael Bendayan De, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey & Dias, Thelma Lúcia Pereira, 2018, Taxonomic guide and historical review of echinoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 4529 (1) on pages 42-43, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4529.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2612564
{"references":["Lamarck, J. B. (1816) Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, presentant les caracteres generaux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leur classes, leurs familles, leurs generes, et le citation des principales especes qui s'y rapportent; precedee d'une Introduction offrant la Determination des caracteres essentiells de l'animal, sa distinction du vegetal et des autres corps naturels, enfin, l'Exposition des Principes fondamentaux de la Zoologie. Tome Troisieme. Verdiere, Paris, 586 pp.","Gray, J. E. (1825) An attempt to divide the Echinida or sea-eggs into natural families. Annales de Philosophie, 26, 423 - 431. Available from: https: // archive. org / stream / annalsofphilosop 10 lond page / 430 / mode / 2 up (accessed 26 April 2017)","Agassiz, L. & Desor, P. J. E. (1846) Catalogue raisonne des familles, des genres, et des especes de la classe des echinodermes. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Troisieme Serie, Zoologie, 6, 305 - 374. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 47986 page / 311 / mode / 1 up (accessed 5 March 2017)","Girard, C. (1850) Observations upon Planarian Worms, with descriptions of several new species of Echinoderms. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 3, 363 - 368.","Agassiz, A. (1863) List of the echinoderms sent to different institutions in exchange for other specimens, with annotations. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 1, 17 - 28.","Agassiz, A. (1872) Revision of the Echini. Illustrated catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 7 (3), 379 - 628.","Tommasi, L. R. (1958 a) Os Equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo. II. Diadematidae, Schizasteridae, Brissidae, Cidaroidae (Echinoidea) e Asteroidea do bentos costeiro. Contribuicoes Avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico, Oceanografia Biologica, 2, 1 - 27.","Brito, I. M. (1962) Ensaio de Catalogo dos Equinodermas do Brasil. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos, 13, 1 - 10.","Bernasconi, I. (1955) Equinoideos y Asteroideos de la Coleccion del Instituto Oceanografico de la Univerdidad de San Pablo. Primera contribucion. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico, 6 (1 - 2), 51 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0373 - 55241955000100002","Oliveira, J. P., Oliveira, J. & Manso, C. L. C. (2010) Inventario da colecao de equinodermos do LABIMAR, Campus Prof °. Alberto Carvalho, Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Scientia Plena, 6 (12), 1 - 14.","Clark, H. L. (1933) A handbook of the littoral echinoderms of Porto Rico and the other West Indies Islands. New York Academy Science Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, 16, 1 - 147.","Tommasi, L. R. (1966 a) Lista dos Equinoides recentes do Brasil. Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Serie Oceanografia Biologica, 11, 1 - 50.","Mortensen, T. (1951) Monograph of the Echinoidea. V. Part 2. Spatangoida 2. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 593 pp.","Devaney, D. M. (1974) Shallow-water Echinoderms from British Honduras, with a description of a new species of Ophiocoma (Ophiuroidea). Bulletin of Marine Science, 24 (1), 122 - 164.","Chesher, R. H. (1963) The morphology and function of the frontal ambulacrum of Moira atropos (Echinoidea: Spatangoida). Bulletin of Marine Science, 13 (4), 549 - 573.","Hendler, G., Miller, J., Pawson, D. & Porter, K. (1995) Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, and Allies. Echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 390 pp.","Agassiz, A. (1869) Preliminary report on the Echini and star-fishes dredged in deep water between Cuba and the Florida Reef, by L. F. de Pourtales, Assist. U. S. Coast Survey. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 1 (9), 253 - 308. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 6587785 page / 262 / mode / 1 up (accessed 11 November 2016)","Clark, H. L. (1925) A catalogue of the recent sea-urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees of the British Museum, London. The Oxford University Press, London, 250 pp.","Borrero-Perez, G. H., Solano, D. O. & Benavides-Serrato, M. (2002) Lista revisada de los erizos (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) del mar Caribe Colombiano. Biota Colombiana, 3 (1), 141 - 148. Available from: http: // icn. unal. edu. co / publicaciones / art / 206 / 3 - N 1 / Erizos. pdf (accessed 31 March 2017)","Borrero-Perez G. H., M. Benavides-Serrato y C. M. Diaz-Sanchez (2012) Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano II: Echinoidea y Holothuroidea, Serie de Publicaciones Especiales de Invemar N ° 30, Santa Marta, 1 - 250.","Alvarado, J. J., Solis-Marin, F. A. & Ahearn, C. (2008) Equinodermos (Echinodermata) del Caribe Centroamericano. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 56 (Supplement 3), 37 - 55.","Serafy, D. K. (1979) Memoirs of the Hourglass Cruises. V (III): Echinoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Florida Department of Natural Resources, St. Petersburg, Florida, 120 pp.","Laguarda-Figueras, A., Gutierrez-Castro, A. I., Solis-Marin, F. A., Duran-Gonzalez, A. & Torres-Veja, J. (2005 b) Equinoideos (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) del Golfo de Mexico. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 53 (Supplement 3), 69 - 108.","del Valle Garcia, R., Solis-Marin, F. A., Abreu Perez, M., Laguarda-Figueras, F. & Duran Gonzalez, A. de la L. (2005) Catalogo de los equinodermos (Echinodermata: Crinoidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea) neritico-betonico del Arquipielago Cubano. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 53 (Supplement 3), 9 - 28.","Mortensen, T. (1907) The Danish Ingolf-Expedition. Vol. IV. Part. 2. Echinoidea (II). H. Hagerup, Copenhagen, 200 pp. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 19694216 page / 45 / mode / 1 up (accessed 7 November 2016)","Say, T. (1825) On the species of the Linnaean genus Asterias inhabiting the coast of the United States. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 5, 151 - 154.","Moore, H. B. & Lopez, N. N. (1966) The ecology and productivity of Moira atropos (Lamarck). Bulletin of Marine Science, 16 (4), 648 - 667. Available from: http: // www. ingentaconnect. com / content / umrsmas / bullmar / 1966 / 00000016 / 00000004 / art 00002 (accessed 11 November 2016)"]}
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz: