Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a prospective observational study in Bosnia and Herzegovina, August–December 2020
| Autor: | Esther Kissling, Mirza Palo, Faris Dizdar, Lore Merdrignac, Richard Pebody, Pernille Jorgensen, Sanjin Musa, Marta Valenciano, Anes Jogunčić, Mia Blažević |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Microbiology (medical)
Secondary infection Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Article Household transmission law.invention law Humans Medicine Prospective Studies Transmission risks and rates Index case Nose Bosnia and Herzegovina Family Characteristics SARS-CoV-2 business.industry COVID-19 General Medicine Odds ratio Confidence interval Infectious Diseases medicine.anatomical_structure Transmission (mechanics) Observational study Contact Tracing business Demography |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol 112, Iss, Pp 352-361 (2021) International Journal of Infectious Diseases |
| ISSN: | 1201-9712 |
| Popis: | Background The secondary attack rate (SAR) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was estimated, and the risk factors for infection among members of households with a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) index case were identified to inform preventive measures. Methods Between 3 August and 19 December 2020, a household transmission study was implemented based on a standardized World Health Organization protocol. Laboratory-confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were recruited through the federal COVID-19 database. Trained contact tracers interviewed index cases and household members to collect information on demographic, clinical and behavioural factors. Contacts were followed up for 28 days to identify secondary infections. SAR was estimated and odds ratios (OR) were calculated for risk factors for transmission. Results In total, 383 households and 793 contacts were included in this study. The overall SAR was 17% [95% confidence interval (CI) 14–21]. Contacts had higher risk for infection if the primary case had both cough and runny nose (OR 4.31, 95% CI 1.60–11.63), if the contact was aged 18–49 years (OR 4.67, 95% CI 1.83–11.93), if the contact kissed the primary case (OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.19–8.43), or if the contact shared a meal with the primary case (OR 3.10, 95% CI 1.17–8.27). Conclusions These results add to the global literature by providing evidence from a middle-income setting. Standard preventive measures in households with positive cases remain critical to reduce transmission. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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