The 2016 Feb 19 outburst of comet 67P/CG: an ESA Rosetta multi-instrument study

Autor: Andrew J. Steffl, Harold A. Weaver, Lori M. Feaga, Paul R. Weissman, B. J. R. Davidsson, Francesco Marzari, Chia-Yu Tzou, Roberto Sordini, J. L. Bertaux, Philippe Lamy, Michaël Gillon, Hans Rickman, P. Yanamandra-Fisher, Matthew M. Knight, O. Mousis, Nicolas Altobelli, Sonia Fornasier, Jessica Agarwal, Marco Fulle, Marina Galand, A. I. Erikson, J. J. López-Moreno, Eric Schindhelm, Mihaly Horanyi, Charlotte Götz, James L. Burch, Giampiero Naletto, Kathrin Altwegg, E. Mazzotta Epifani, Jean Manfroid, Mark Bentley, Jörg Knollenberg, Emmanuel Jehin, Ekkehard Kührt, M Muller, M. A. Barucci, Cesare Barbieri, Pierre Henri, V. Della Corte, P. J. Gutiérrez, Stavro Ivanovski, Carsten Güttler, Harald Krüger, Ralf Srama, Cecilia Tubiana, Rafael Rodrigo, F. Schmidt, J. E. Rodriguez, Vladimir Zakharov, J.-R. Kramm, Roland Schmied, S. A. Stern, Eberhard Grün, Thurid Mannel, Jakob Deller, A. Gicquel, Colin Snodgrass, Bernhard Geiger, M. De Cecco, B. Grieger, Monica Lazzarin, Seungwon Lee, Wing-Huen Ip, Laurent Jorda, Holger Sierks, Stubbe F. Hviid, Marc Hofmann, Paul D. Feldman, J. Wm. Parker, M. Sommer, Michael Küppers, Matthew Taylor, M. F. A'Hearn, Olivier Groussin, Simon F. Green, Detlef Koschny, Nicolas Thomas, Horst Uwe Keller, Cyrielle Opitom, Gabriele Cremonese, Niklas J. T. Edberg, Mark Hofstadter, R. H. Soja, M. Ferrari, E. Morales, Ivano Bertini, N. Biver, Pasquale Palumbo, Nilda Oklay, Stefano Debei, V. Da Deppo, L. M. Lara, Luigi Colangeli, Alessandra Rotundi, Xian Shi, J. B. Vincent
Přispěvatelé: Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Swedish National Space Board, European Space Agency, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Imperial College London, Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik [Braunschweig] (IGEP), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Jaicoa Observatory, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Space Operations Center (ESOC), Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Parthenope' = University of Naples (PARTHENOPE), Institute of Physics [Graz], Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Institut für Raumfahrtsysteme (IRS), Universität Stuttgart [Stuttgart], School of Physical Sciences [Milton Keynes], Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics [Milton Keynes], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)-The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Space Science Institute [Boulder] (SSI), Department of Astronomy [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Galileo Galilei', Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali 'Giuseppe Colombo' (CISAS), Space Science Division [San Antonio], Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Uppsala], Uppsala University, Department of Industrial Engineering [Padova], INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Institute of Space Science [Taiwan], National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Operations Department (ESAC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)-Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma (OAR), Department of Information Engineering [Padova] (DEI), SwRI Planetary Science Directorate [Boulder], Southwest Research Institute [Boulder] (SwRI), Space Research Centre of Polish Academy of Sciences (CBK), Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), International Space Science Institute [Bern] (ISSI), Department of Space Studies [Boulder], Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), ANR-15-CE31-0009,SPECTRA,Sonder le Plasma dans l'Environnement d'une ComètE avec RosettA(2015), ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), European Space Agency (ESA), Universität Bern [Bern], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Universita degli studi di Napoli 'Parthenope' [Napoli], Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche], Universita degli Studi di Padova, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Agency (ESA), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, DEU, ESP
Rok vydání: 2016
Předmět:
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Brightness
Electron density
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
530 Physics
67P/Churyumov-gerasimenko
Comets
Individual
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science
Comet
Astrophysics
Astronomy & Astrophysics
01 natural sciences
7. Clean energy
law.invention
Astronomi
astrofysik och kosmologi
law
Dust collector
0103 physical sciences
Astronomy
Astrophysics and Cosmology
010303 astronomy & astrophysics
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Physics
Spectrometer
[SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
520 Astronomy
Astronomy
comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Radius
620 Engineering
Wavelength
0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences
13. Climate action
Magnitude (astronomy)
individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko [comets]
Zdroj: S234
S220
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2016, 462 (Suppl. 1), pp.S220-S234. ⟨10.1093/mnras/stw2088⟩
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy P-Oxford Open Option A, 2016, 462 (Suppl. 1), pp.S220-S234. ⟨10.1093/mnras/stw2088⟩
Grün, E.; Agarwal, J.; Altobelli, N.; Altwegg, Kathrin; Bentley, M. S.; Biver, N.; Della Corte, V.; Edberg, N.; Feldman, P. D.; Galand, M.; Geiger, B.; Götz, C.; Grieger, B.; Güttler, C.; Henri, P.; Hofstadter, M.; Horanyi, M.; Jehin, E.; Krüger, H.; Lee, S.; ... (2016). The 2016 Feb 19 outburst of comet 67P/CG: an ESA Rosetta multi-instrument study. Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 462(Suppl 1), S220-S234. Oxford University Press 10.1093/mnras/stw2088
Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname
Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
462 (2016): S220–S234. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2088
info:cnr-pdr/source/autori:Grün, E.; Agarwal, J.; Altobelli, N.; Altwegg, K.; Bentley, M. S.; Biver, N.; Della Corte, V.; Edberg, N.; Feldman, P. D.; Galand, M.; Geiger, B.; Götz, C.; Grieger, B.; Güttler, C.; Henri, P.; Hofstadter, M.; Horanyi, M.; Jehin, E.; Krüger, H.; Lee, S.; Mannel, T.; Morales, E.; Mousis, O.; Müller, M.; Opitom, C.; Rotundi, A.; Schmied, R.; Schmidt, F.; Sierks, H.; Snodgrass, C.; Soja, R. H.; Sommer, M.; Srama, R.; Tzou, C. Y.; Vincent, J. B.; Yanamandra-Fisher, P.; A'Hearn, M. F.; Erikson, A. I.; Barbieri, C.; Barucci, M. A.; Bertaux, J. L.; Bertini, I.; Burch, J.; Colangeli, L.; Cremonese, G.; Da Deppo, V.; Davidsson, B.; Debei, S.; De Cecco, M.; Deller, J.; Feaga, L. M.; Ferrari, M.; Fornasier, S.; Fulle, M.; Gicquel, A.; Gillon, M.; Green, S. F.; Groussin, O.; Gutiérrez, P. J.; Hofmann, M.; Hviid, S. F.; Ip, W. H.; Ivanovski, S.; Jorda, L.; Keller, H. U.; Knight, M. M.; Knollenberg, J.; Koschny, D.; Kramm, J. R.; Kührt, E.; Küppers, M.; Lamy, P. L.; Lara, L. M.; Lazzarin, M.; Lòpez-Moreno, J. J.; Manfroid, J.; Mazzotta Epifani, E.; Marzari, F.; Naletto, G.; Oklay, N.; Palumbo, P.; Wm Parker, J.; Rickman, H.; Rodrigo, R.; Rodrìguez, J.; Schindhelm, E.; Shi, X.; Sordini, R.; Steffl, A. J.; Stern, S. A.; Thomas, N.; Tubiana, C.; Weaver, H. A.; Weissman, P.; Zakharov, V. V.; Taylor, M. G.G.T./titolo:The 2016 Feb 19 outburst of comet 67P%2FCG: An ESA rosetta multi-instrument study/doi:10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstw2088/rivista:Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (Print)/anno:2016/pagina_da:S220/pagina_a:S234/intervallo_pagine:S220–S234/volume:462
ISSN: 0035-8711
1365-2966
Popis: On 2016 Feb 19, nine Rosetta instruments serendipitously observed an outburst of gas and dust from the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Among these instruments were cameras and spectrometers ranging from UV over visible to microwave wavelengths, in situ gas, dust and plasma instruments, and one dust collector. At 09:40 a dust cloud developed at the edge of an image in the shadowed region of the nucleus. Over the next two hours the instruments recorded a signature of the outburst that significantly exceeded the background. The enhancement ranged from 50 per cent of the neutral gas density at Rosetta to factors >100 of the brightness of the coma near the nucleus. Dust related phenomena (dust counts or brightness due to illuminated dust) showed the strongest enhancements (factors>10). However, even the electron density at Rosetta increased by a factor 3 and consequently the spacecraft potential changed from ~-16 V to -20 V during the outburst. A clear sequence of events was observed at the distance of Rosetta (34 km from the nucleus): within 15 min the Star Tracker camera detected fast particles (~25 m s-1) while 100 ¿m radius particles were detected by the GIADA dust instrument ~1 h later at a speed of 6 m s-1. The slowest were individual mm to cm sized grains observed by the OSIRIS cameras. Although the outburst originated just outside the FOV of the instruments, the source region and the magnitude of the outburst could be determined. © 2016 The Authors.
Rosetta is an ESA mission with contributions from its member states and NASA. Rosetta's Philae lander is provided by a consortium led by DLR, MPS, CNES and ASI. We thank all elements of the Rosetta project for the magnificent job they are doing to make this mission an astounding success. The Alice team acknowledges continuing support from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory through contract 1336850. GIADA/Univ Parthenope NA/INAFOAC/IAA/INAF-IAPS: this research was supported by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) within the ASI-INAF agreements I/032/05/0 and I/024/12/0. OSIRIS was built by a consortium of the Max-Planck- Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Göttingen, Germany, CISAS University of Padova, Italy, the Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, France, the Instituto de Astrofìsica de Andalucia, CSIC, Granada, Spain, the Research and Scientific Support Department of the European Space Agency, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, the Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Madrid, Spain, the Universidad Politéechnica de Madrid, Spain, the Department of Physics and Astronomy of Uppsala University, Sweden, the UK(STFC), and the Institut für Datentechnik und Kommunikationsnetze der Technischen Universität Braunschweig, Germany. The support of the national funding agencies of Germany (DLR), France(CNES), Italy(ASI), Spain(MEC), Sweden(SNSB), and the ESA Technical Directorate is gratefully acknowledged. Work at LPC2E/CNRS was supported by CNES and by ANR under the financial agreement ANR-15-CE31-0009-01. Work on ROSINA COPS at the University of Bern was funded by the State of Bern, the Swiss National Science Foundation and by the European Space Agency PRODEX program. OM: this work has been partly carried out thanks to the support of the A*MIDEX project (no ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02) funded by the ‘Investissements d'Avenir’ French Government program, managed by the French National Research Agency (ANR). This work also benefited from the support of CNRS-INSU national program for planetology (PNP).
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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