Culturing of ‘unculturable’ human microbiota reveals novel taxa and extensive sporulation
| Autor: | David Goulding, Nitin Kumar, Trevor D. Lawley, Samuel C. Forster, Blessing O. Anonye, B. Anne Neville, Mark D. Stares, Hilary P. Browne |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
sporulation spores Firmicutes 030106 microbiology Cell Culture Techniques Biology Bioinformatics Article Bacterial genetics Feces 03 medical and health sciences Species Specificity Microbial ecology genomics Humans Anaerobiosis Microbiome Phylogeny Spores Bacterial 2. Zero hunger Genetics metagenomics human intestinal microbiota Multidisciplinary Bacteria transmission Bacterial taxonomy Human microbiome Bacteroidetes Sequence Analysis DNA A300 biology.organism_classification Bacterial Typing Techniques Gastrointestinal Microbiome Oxygen Phenotype 030104 developmental biology Health Metagenomics anaerobic culturing Metagenome Genome Bacterial |
| Zdroj: | Nature |
| ISSN: | 1476-4687 0028-0836 |
| Popis: | Our intestinal microbiota harbours a diverse bacterial community required for our health, sustenance and wellbeing1,2. Intestinal colonization begins at birth and climaxes with the acquisition of two dominant groups of strict anaerobic bacteria belonging to the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla2. Culture-independent, genomic approaches have transformed our understanding of the role of the human microbiome in health and many diseases1. However, owing to the prevailing perception that our indigenous bacteria are largely recalcitrant to culture, many of their functions and phenotypes remain unknown3. Here we describe a novel workflow based on targeted phenotypic culturing linked to large-scale whole-genome sequencing, phylogenetic analysis and computational modelling that demonstrates that a substantial proportion of the intestinal bacteria are culturable. Applying this approach to healthy individuals, we isolated 137 bacterial species from characterized and candidate novel families, genera and species that were archived as pure cultures. Whole-genome and metagenomic sequencing, combined with computational and phenotypic analysis, suggests that at least 50–60% of the bacterial genera from the intestinal microbiota of a healthy individual produce resilient spores, specialized for host-to-host transmission. Our approach unlocks the human intestinal microbiota for phenotypic analysis and reveals how a marked proportion of oxygen-sensitive intestinal bacteria can be transmitted between individuals, affecting microbiota heritability. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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