Whole egg consumption increases plasma choline and betaine without affecting TMAO levels or gut microbiome in overweight postmenopausal women
| Autor: | Hannah Houts, Francene M. Steinberg, Allison S. Bardagjy, Angela M. Zivkovic, Romina Sacchi, Chenghao Zhu, Jody M. Randolph, Xinyu Tang, Lisa Sawrey-Kubicek |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
medicine.medical_specialty Aging Biogenic amines Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Eggs Trimethylamine 030209 endocrinology & metabolism TMAO Overweight Oral and gastrointestinal Choline 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Feces Methylamines 0302 clinical medicine Endocrinology Betaine Internal medicine medicine Humans Egg Obesity Aged Nutrition Gut microbiome 030109 nutrition & dietetics Cross-Over Studies Nutrition and Dietetics Bacteria Nutrition & Dietetics Lipid metabolism Middle Aged Diet Gastrointestinal Microbiome Postmenopause chemistry Composition (visual arts) Female medicine.symptom Digestive Diseases Blood drawing |
| Popis: | As a crucial part of the symbiotic system, the gut microbiome is metabolically connected to many diseases and conditions, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Trimethylamine (TMA) is produced by gut bacteria from dietary choline, betaine, or L-carnitine, and is then converted in the liver to Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which in turn affects hepatic and intestinal lipid metabolism. Circulating TMAO is positively associated with CVD risk. Because eggs are rich in choline, it has been speculated that their consumption may increase plasma TMAO. In this study, we hypothesized that 2 eggs per day increases plasma TMAO level by altering gut microbiome composition in mildly hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. In this randomized, cross-over study, 20 overweight, postmenopausal women were given 2 whole eggs and the equivalent amount of yolk-free substitute as breakfast for 4 weeks, in randomized order, with a 4-week washout in between. Fasting blood draws and stool were collected at the beginning and end of each treatment period. Plasma TMAO, choline, betaine and other metabolites were analyzed using LC/MS, while gut microbiome composition was analyzed using 16S amplicon sequencing. Plasma choline and betaine were significantly increased after whole egg but not yolk-free substitute, however TMAO level was not significantly affected by treatments. Gut microbiome composition showed large inter-individual variability at baseline and in response to the treatments. The consumption of 2 eggs per day in overweight, postmenopausal mildly hypercholesterolemic women significantly increased plasma choline and betaine, but did not increase plasma TMAO or alter gut microbiome composition. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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