Opposing functions of heparanase-1 and heparanase-2 in cancer progression
| Autor: | Neta Ilan, Marina Weissmann, Miriam Gross-Cohen, Israel Vlodavsky, Ralph D. Sanderson |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Tumor microenvironment Angiogenesis Autophagy Heparan sulfate Biology Biochemistry Exosome Molecular biology Microvesicles Article 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound 030104 developmental biology chemistry Neoplasms Cancer research Disease Progression Animals Humans Heparanase Signal transduction Molecular Biology Polysaccharide-Lyases |
| Popis: | Heparanase, the sole heparan sulfate (HS)-degrading endoglycosidase, regulates multiple biological activities that enhance tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Heparanase accomplishes this by degrading HS and thereby regulating the bioavailability of heparin-binding proteins; priming the tumor microenvironment; mediating tumor–host crosstalk; and inducing gene transcription, signaling pathways, exosome formation, and autophagy that together promote tumor cell performance and chemoresistance. By contrast, heparanase-2, a close homolog of heparanase, lacks enzymatic activity, inhibits heparanase activity, and regulates selected genes that promote normal differentiation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, tumor fibrosis, and apoptosis, together resulting in tumor suppression. The emerging premise is that heparanase is a master regulator of the aggressive phenotype of cancer, while heparanase-2 functions as a tumor suppressor. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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