Disentangling and Parameterizing Shallow Sources of Subsidence: Application to a Reclaimed Coastal Area, Flevoland, the Netherlands
| Autor: | Fokker, Peter A., Gunnink, Jan L., Koster, Kay, de Lange, Ger, Experimental rock deformation |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Experimental rock deformation |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Delta
peat oxidation Atmospheric Science 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Coastal plain Geological Survey Netherlands Compaction Soil Science Aquatic Science Oceanography 01 natural sciences Data assimilation Land reclamation Geochemistry and Petrology Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) compaction 2015 Energy data assimilation Phreatic 0105 earth and related environmental sciences subsidence Water Science and Technology Earth-Surface Processes Hydrology geography geography.geographical_feature_category Consolidation (soil) Ecology Palaeontology Forestry Geophysics Space and Planetary Science Geosciences Groundwater Geology |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 124(5), 1099. American Geophysical Union JGR Earth Surface, 1-19 |
| ISSN: | 2169-9003 |
| Popis: | The natural surface area of many coastal and delta plains has been increased by land reclamation in response to growing populations. These reclaimed lands are often experiencing subsidence. The reclaimed South Flevopolder in the coastal plain of the Netherlands has experienced severe subsidence after its reclamation in 1968. The subsidence is caused by phreatic groundwater level lowering and the associated aeration of the former subaqueous shallow subsurface and increased effective stresses. In this study, surface elevation measurements that quantify the subsidence, conducted annually between 1968 and 1993, and in 2009 and 2012, have been used to constrain and estimate the parameters in models that describe subsidence. For the estimation an Ensemble Smoother with Multiple Data Assimilation was employed. For the forward models, we employed correlations for compression (primary consolidation and creep), oxidation, and shrinkage of coastal deposits. Shrinkage of the aerated clay and organic clay layers was found to be the main contributor to subsidence, and the measurements could be represented well. The quantification of the model parameters allows for better subsidence forecasts. The stochastic method that was employed further facilitates to define a quality measure for forecasts in terms of a covariance matrix or a confidence range. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
Plný text