Functional diversity and trade‐offs in divergent antipredator morphologies in herbivorous insects
| Autor: | Yasuoki Takami, Tadashi Shinohara |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
food.ingredient Defence mechanisms antipredator adaptation Zoology Biology 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences predator–prey interaction Predation 03 medical and health sciences food lcsh:QH540-549.5 Crab spiders morphological diversification Predator Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Cassidinae 030304 developmental biology Nature and Landscape Conservation Original Research predator-prey interaction 0303 health sciences Ecology Stinger Trade offs biology.organism_classification morphological defense lcsh:Ecology Adaptation |
| Zdroj: | Ecology and Evolution Ecology and Evolution, Vol 10, Iss 11, Pp 5089-5096 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 2045-7758 |
| Popis: | Predator–prey interactions may be responsible for enormous morphological diversity in prey species. We performed predation experiments with morphological manipulations (ablation) to investigate the defensive function of dorsal spines and explanate margins in Cassidinae leaf beetles against three types of predators: assassin bugs (stinger), crab spiders (biter), and tree frogs (swallower). There was mixed support for the importance of primary defense mechanisms (i.e., preventing detection or identification). Intact spined prey possessing dorsal spines were more likely to be attacked by assassin bugs and tree frogs, while intact armored prey possessing explanate margins were likely to avoid attack by assassin bugs. In support of the secondary defense mechanisms (i.e., preventing subjugation), dorsal spines had a significant physical defensive function against tree frogs, and explanate margins protected against assassin bugs and crab spiders. Our results suggest a trade‐off between primary and secondary defenses. Dorsal spines improved the secondary defense but weakened the primary defense against tree frogs. We also detected a trade‐off in which dorsal spines and explanate margins improved secondary defenses against mutually exclusive predator types. Adaptation to different predatory regimes and functional trade‐offs may mediate the diversification of external morphological defenses in Cassidinae leaf beetles. We revealed defensive function of dorsal spines and explanate margins in Cassidinae leaf beetles and detected functional trade‐offs. These results suggest that adaptation to different predatory regimes and functional trade‐offs contribute to the diversification of external morphologies in herbivorous insects. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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