DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Salvinorin A
| Autor: | Alfredo Ortega, Karina Martinez-Mayorga, Abraham Madariaga-Mazón, R. Bruno Hernández-Alvarado |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Hallucinogen
0303 health sciences biology Physiology Research areas Cognitive Neuroscience Cell Biology General Medicine biology.organism_classification Biochemistry κ-opioid receptor Salvinorin A 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine chemistry Biological property Salvia divinorum Neuroscience 030217 neurology & neurosurgery 030304 developmental biology |
| Zdroj: | ACS Chemical Neuroscience. 11:3979-3992 |
| ISSN: | 1948-7193 |
| DOI: | 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00608 |
| Popis: | Salvinorin A is the main bioactive compound in Salvia divinorum, an endemic plant with ancestral use by the inhabitants of the Mazateca mountain range (Sierra Mazateca) in Oaxaca, Mexico. The main use of la pastora, as locally known, is in spiritual rites due to its extraordinary hallucinogenic effects. Being the first known nonalkaloidal opioid-mediated psychotropic molecule, salvinorin A set new research areas in neuroscience. The absence of a protonated amine group, common to all previously known opioids, results in a fast metabolism with the concomitant fast elimination and swift loss of activity. The worldwide spread and psychotropic effects of salvinorin A account for its misuse and classification as a drug of abuse. Consequently, salvinorin A and Salvia divinorum are now banned in many countries. Several synthetic efforts have been focused on the improvement of physicochemical and biological properties of salvinorin A: from total synthesis to hundreds of analogues. In this Review, we discuss the impact of salvinorin A in chemistry and neuroscience covering the historical relevance, isolation from natural sources, synthetic efforts, and pharmacological and safety profiles. Altogether, the chemistry behind and the taboo that encloses salvinorin A makes it one of the most exquisite naturally occurring drugs. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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