Formulations of Deet, Picaridin, and IR3535 Applied to Skin Repel Nymphs of the Lone Star Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) for 12 Hours

Autor:	Carroll, J. F., Benante, J. P., Kramer, M., Lohmeyer, K. H., Lawrence, K.
Rok vydání:	2010
Předmět:	human volunteers Time Factors Ixodidae General Veterinary Administration Topical DEET repellents Article 12-h duration Infectious Diseases Piperidines Insect Repellents Insect Science Animals Humans Parasitology Amblyomma americanum Propionates
Zdroj:	Journal of Medical Entomology
ISSN:	1938-2928 0022-2585
DOI:	10.1093/jmedent/47.4.699
Popis:	The efficacies of a 20% 1-methyl-propyl-2-(hydroxyethyl)-1-piperidinecarboxylate (picaridin) spray, 20% 3-(N-acetyl-N-butyl)aminopropionic acid ethyl ester (IR3535) spray, 20% picaridin lotion, 10% IR3535 lotion, and 33% N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) cream in repelling nymphal lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum (L.), were determined at 2-h intervals over 12 h using human subjects. A repellent formulation was applied in a 5-cm-wide band encircling a volunteer’s lower leg. For each challenge, 70 host-seeking nymphs were released on each volunteer’s ankle, and tick locations were recorded 10 min after the ticks were released. Ticks that crawled entirely across the repellent band were considered not repelled. For all formulations and time points, significantly fewer (all P < 0.0001) A. americanum nymphs crossed the treatment bands on the volunteers’ ankles than crossed the corresponding area on the untreated control legs. Formulations containing ≥20% active ingredient were highly effective, with
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
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