Pharmacokinetic profile of amoxicillin and its glucuronide‐like metabolite when administered subcutaneously to koalas ( Phascolarctos cinereus )
| Autor: | Larry Vogelnest, Aaron M. Izes, Merran Govendir, Benjamin Kimble, Soraya Gharibi |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Staphylococcus aureus Injections Subcutaneous Metabolite Cmax Pharmacology medicine.disease_cause 01 natural sciences Mass Spectrometry 03 medical and health sciences Subcutaneous injection chemistry.chemical_compound Minimum inhibitory concentration Glucuronides Pharmacokinetics Escherichia coli medicine Animals 0303 health sciences General Veterinary 030306 microbiology 010401 analytical chemistry Amoxicillin Blood Proteins Anti-Bacterial Agents 0104 chemical sciences chemistry Area Under Curve Female Phascolarctidae Glucuronide Chromatography Liquid Half-Life Protein Binding medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 43:115-122 |
| ISSN: | 1365-2885 0140-7783 |
| DOI: | 10.1111/jvp.12767 |
| Popis: | Amoxicillin was administered as a single subcutaneous injection at 12.5 mg/kg to four koalas and changes in amoxicillin plasma concentrations over 24 hr were quantified. Amoxicillin had a relatively low average ± SD maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ) of 1.72 ± 0.47 µg/ml; at an average ± SD time to reach Cmax (Tmax ) of 2.25 ± 1.26 hr, and an elimination half-life of 4.38 ± 2.40 hr. The pharmacokinetic profile indicated relatively poor subcutaneous absorption. A metabolite was also identified, likely associated with glucuronic acid conjugation. Bacterial growth inhibition assays demonstrated that all plasma samples other than t = 0 hr, inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 to some extent. Calculated pharmacokinetic indices were used to predict whether this dose could attain a plasma concentration to inhibit some susceptible Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens. It was predicted that a twice daily dose of 12.5 mg/kg would be efficacious to inhibit susceptible bacteria with an amoxicillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≤ 0.75 µg/ml such as susceptible Bordetella bronchiseptica, E. coli, Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. pathogens. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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