Gliotoxicity and Glioprotection: the Dual Role of Glial Cells
| Autor: | Bethina Segabinazzi Dotto, Fernanda Becker Weber, Vanessa Sovrani, André Quincozes-Santos, Larissa Daniele Bobermin, Rômulo Rodrigo de Souza Almeida, Filipe Renato Pereira Dias, Naithan Ludian Fernandes Costa, Amanda Albertin Xavier da Silva, Lara Scopel Medeiros, Izaviany Schmitz, Natalie K. Thomaz, Lívia Medeiros, Camila Leite Santos |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Central nervous system
Neuroscience (miscellaneous) Excitotoxicity Inflammation Biology medicine.disease_cause Article Pathogenesis Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Neurochemical Glial cells medicine Animals Glioprotective molecules Microglia Brain Oxidative Stress medicine.anatomical_structure Neuroprotective Agents Neurology nervous system Glioprotection medicine.symptom Neuroscience Neuroglia Gliotoxicity Homeostasis Oxidative stress |
| Zdroj: | Molecular Neurobiology |
| ISSN: | 1559-1182 |
| Popis: | Glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia) are critical for the central nervous system (CNS) in both physiological and pathological conditions. With this in mind, several studies have indicated that glial cells play key roles in the development and progression of CNS diseases. In this sense, gliotoxicity can be referred as the cellular, molecular, and neurochemical changes that can mediate toxic effects or ultimately lead to impairment of the ability of glial cells to protect neurons and/or other glial cells. On the other hand, glioprotection is associated with specific responses of glial cells, by which they can protect themselves as well as neurons, resulting in an overall improvement of the CNS functioning. In addition, gliotoxic events, including metabolic stresses, inflammation, excitotoxicity, and oxidative stress, as well as their related mechanisms, are strongly associated with the pathogenesis of neurological, psychiatric and infectious diseases. However, glioprotective molecules can prevent or improve these glial dysfunctions, representing glial cells-targeting therapies. Therefore, this review will provide a brief summary of types and functions of glial cells and point out cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with gliotoxicity and glioprotection, potential glioprotective molecules and their mechanisms, as well as gliotherapy. In summary, we expect to address the relevance of gliotoxicity and glioprotection in the CNS homeostasis and diseases. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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