Ocean warming compresses the three-dimensional habitat of marine life
| Autor: | Núria Marbà, Gabriel Jordá, Carlos M. Duarte, Scott Bennett, Julia Santana-Garcon, Susana Agustí |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Fundación BBVA, European Commission, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Aquatic Organisms 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Ecology Climate Change 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology Effects of global warming on oceans Climate change Marine life Anthozoa 01 natural sciences Seafloor spreading Oceanography Habitat 13. Climate action Phytoplankton Animals Environmental science Photic zone 14. Life underwater Diel vertical migration Ecosystem Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics 0105 earth and related environmental sciences |
| Zdroj: | Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC instname Nature Ecology & Evolution |
| Popis: | Vertical migration to reach cooler waters is a suitable strategy for some marine organisms to adapt to ocean warming. Here, we calculate that realized vertical isotherm migration rates averaged −6.6 + 18.8 m dec−1 across the global ocean between 1980 and 2015. Throughout this century (2006–2100), surface isotherms are projected to deepen at an increasing rate across the globe, averaging −32.3 m dec−1 under the representative concentration pathway (RCP)8.5 ‘business as usual’ emissions scenario, and −18.7 m dec−1 under the more moderate RCP4.5 scenario. The vertical redistribution required by organisms to follow surface isotherms over this century is three to four orders of magnitude less than the equivalent horizontal redistribution distance. However, the seafloor depth and the depth of the photic layer pose ultimate limits to the vertical migration possible by species. Both limits will be reached by the end of this century across much of the ocean, leading to a rapid global compression of the three-dimensional (3D) habitat of many marine organisms. Phytoplankton diversity may be maintained but displaced toward the base of the photic layer, whereas highly productive benthic habitats, especially corals, will have their suitable 3D habitat rapidly reduced. This research has been partially funded by Spanish Projects CLIFISH (grant no. CTM2015-66400-C3-2-R), MedSHIFT (grant no. CGL2015-71809-P), Fundación BBVA (Interbioclima project), European Union’s Horizon 2020 SOCLIMPACT project (grant agreement no. 776661) and King Abdullah University of Science and Technology through baseline funding to C.M.D and S.A. S.B. received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 65924). J.S.G. was supported by a Juan de la Cierva Formación contract from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competiveness. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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