Epigenetics and brain evolution
Autor: | Eric B. Keverne |
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Rok vydání: | 2011 |
Předmět: |
Mammals
Neurons Genetics Cancer Research Neocortex Inheritance Patterns Encephalization Placentation Context (language use) Biology Biological Evolution Epigenesis Genetic MECP2 Genomic Imprinting medicine.anatomical_structure Species Specificity medicine Animals Humans Epigenetics Genomic imprinting gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Epigenesis |
Zdroj: | Epigenomics. 3:183-191 |
ISSN: | 1750-192X 1750-1911 |
Popis: | Fundamental aspects of mammalian brain evolution occurred in the context of viviparity and placentation brought about by the epigenetic regulation of imprinted genes. Since the fetal placenta hormonally primes the maternal brain, two genomes in one individual are transgenerationally co-adapted to ensure maternal care and nurturing. Advanced aspects of neocortical brain evolution has shown very few genetic changes between monkeys and humans. Although these lineages diverged at approximately the same time as the rat and mouse (20 million years ago), synonymous sequence divergence between the rat and mouse is double that when comparing monkey with human sequences. Paradoxically, encephalization of rat and mouse are remarkably similar, while comparison of the human and monkey shows the human cortex to be three times the size of the monkey. This suggests an element of genetic stability between the brains of monkey and man with a greater emphasis on epigenetics providing adaptable variability. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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