In vitro effects-based method and water quality screening model for use in pre- and post-distribution treated waters
| Autor: | Susan D. Richardson, Katherine Bokenkamp, Luke R. Iwanowicz, L. Earl Gray, Phillip C. Hartig, Mary C. Cardon, Joshua M. Allen, Vickie S. Wilson, Nicola Evans, Dana W. Kolpin, Elizabeth Medlock Kakaley, Elizabeth D. Wagner, Kristin M. Romanok, Michael J. Plewa, Justin M. Conley, Paul M. Bradley |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Michigan
Environmental Engineering 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Estrone 010501 environmental sciences Endocrine Disruptors 01 natural sciences Article chemistry.chemical_compound Water Quality Environmental Chemistry Bioassay Animals Food science Waste Management and Disposal Effluent 0105 earth and related environmental sciences EC50 Chicago Chemistry Estrogens Equol Pollution Wastewater Water treatment Biological Assay Water quality Water Pollutants Chemical Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | Sci Total Environ |
| ISSN: | 1879-1026 |
| Popis: | Recent urban public water supply contamination events emphasize the importance of screening treated drinking water quality after distribution. In vitro bioassays, when run concurrently with analytical chemistry methods, are effective tools to evaluating the efficacy of water treatment processes and water quality. We tested 49 water samples representing the Chicago Department of Water Management service areas for estrogen, (anti)androgen, glucocorticoid receptor-activating contaminants and cytotoxicity. We present a tiered screening approach suitable to samples with anticipated low-level activity and initially tested all extracts for statistically identifiable endocrine activity; performing a secondary dilution-response analysis to determine sample EC50 and biological equivalency values (BioEq). Estrogenic activity was detected in untreated Lake Michigan intake water samples using mammalian (5/49; median: 0.21 ng E2Eq/L) and yeast cell (5/49; 1.78 ng E2Eq/L) bioassays. A highly sensitive (anti)androgenic activity bioassay was applied for the first time to water quality screening and androgenic activity was detected in untreated intake and treated pre-distribution samples (4/49; 0.93 ng DHTEq/L). No activity was identified above method detection limits in the yeast androgenic, mammalian anti-androgenic, and both glucocorticoid bioassays. Known estrogen receptor agonists were detected using HPLC/MS-MS (estrone: 0.72–1.4 ng/L; 17α-estradiol: 1.3–1.5 ng/L; 17β-estradiol: 1.4 ng/L; equol: 8.8 ng/L), however occurrence did not correlate with estrogenic bioassay results. Many studies have applied bioassays to water quality monitoring using only relatively small samples sets often collected from surface and/or wastewater effluent. However, to realistically adapt these tools to treated water quality monitoring, water quality managers must have the capacity to screen potentially hundreds of samples in short timeframes. Therefore, we provided a tiered screening model that increased sample screening speed, without sacrificing statistical stringency, and detected estrogenic and androgenic activity only in pre-distribution Chicago area samples. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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