Trace elements in drinking water and the incidence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
| Autor: | Søren Dalsgaard, Søren Kristiansen, Jörg Schullehner, Malene Thygesen, Torben Sigsgaard, Denitza D. Voutchkova, Birgitte Hansen, Carsten Bøcker Pedersen |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Neurodevelopment
Biochemistry Cohort Studies Inorganic Chemistry Danish symbols.namesake mental disorders medicine ADHD Drinking water Humans Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Poisson regression Trace elements business.industry Drinking Water Incidence Incidence (epidemiology) Confounding medicine.disease Confidence interval language.human_language Trace Elements Trace (semiology) Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity symbols language Molecular Medicine business Demography Cohort study |
| Zdroj: | Thygesen, M, Schullehner, J, Hansen, B, Sigsgaard, T, Voutchkova, D D, Kristiansen, S M, Pedersen, C B & Dalsgaard, S 2021, ' Trace elements in drinking water and the incidence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ', Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, vol. 68, 126828 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126828 |
| ISSN: | 0946-672X |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126828 |
| Popis: | BACKGROUND: Trace elements have been suggested to have neurotoxic effects and increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, but studies of a potential role of trace elements in relation to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are very limited. The objective of this study was to conduct an exploratory analysis investigating the associations between 17 geogenic trace elements (Ba, Co, Eu, I, Li, Mo, Rb, Re, Rh, Sb, Sc, Se, Si, Sr, Ti, U and Y) found in Danish drinking water and the risk of developing ADHD.METHODS: In this cohort study, 284,309 individuals, born 1994-2007, were followed for incidence of ADHD from the age of five until the end of study, December 31, 2016. We conducted survival analyses, using Poisson regression to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) in three different confounder adjustment scenarios.RESULTS: In a model including adjustments for age, sex, calendar year, parental socio-economic status, neighborhood level socio-economic status and parental psychiatric illness, we found that six of the 17 trace elements (Sr, Rb, Rh, Ti, Sb and Re) were associated with an increased risk of ADHD, whereas two (Ba and I) were inversely associated with ADHD. However, when including region as a covariate in the model, most trace elements were no longer associated with ADHD or the association changed direction. Four trace elements (I, Li, Rb, and Y) remained significantly associated with ADHD but in an inverse direction and for three of these (I, Li and Y), we found significant interactions with region in their association with ADHD.CONCLUSION: The trace elements under investigation, at levels found in Danish drinking water, do not seem to contribute to the development of ADHD and our findings highlight the importance of examining consistency of associations across geographic areas. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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